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No Thumbnail AvailableProjectPearl oyster farming and pearl culture
Regional Seafarming Development and Demonstration Project
1991Also available in:
No results found.Pearls, one of the highly esteemed gems, are very valuable due to the high demand and prices for them. Several countries bordering the Indian and Pacific Oceans and some countries along the Eastern Atlantic Ocean have pearl oyster resources. Many of these countries, particularly those in Asia, are very much interested in pearl oyster farming and pearl culture. Japan stands foremost in the two fields having developed technologies and innovations in the field. The techniques of pearl oyster farm ing and pearl culture are not widely known. There is a need to promote more widely the techniques and relevant information on the bionomics of pearl oysters. In India, interest in pearl culture began at the start of this century. Several studies have been conducted by the Madras Fisheries Department in the 1930s. In 1972, the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI) took up intensive research on pearl culture at Tuticorin achieving a breakthrough in July 1973 when it produced free s pherical cultured pearls by employing the mantle graft implementation technique. Since then intensive research has been carried out by the Institute on pearl formation, pearl oyster biology and ecology, and hatchery techniques for production of pearl oyster seed. Considerable information of applied value has been obtained. The development of the pearl oyster hatchery technology in India in 1981 opened the way for large and commercial scale culture of this bivalve species. Based on the technica l know-how provided by the CMFRI, a company has been established at Tuticorin to produce cultured pearls. -
No Thumbnail AvailableProjectA giant clam stock survey and preliminary investigation of pearl oyster resources in the Tokelau Islands
SOUTH PACIFIC AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
1989Also available in:
No results found.A stock survey of the two species of giant clam, Tridacna maxima (fahua nao) and T. squamosa (fahua taka) was carried out between 18 May - 15 June 1989 at the three atolls of Tokelau: Fakaofo, Nukunonu, and Atafu. The field surveys utilised small boats belonging to the Department of Agriculture and Fisheries. The survey team consisted of the author and Fisheries Officer covering all the atolls and Agriculture casual assistants at each atoll. A surface tow method was employed (2 divers, one each side of the boat) to count clams over measured distances. Tows were made around the perimeter of the lagoon reef covering depths up to 12-15m, around patch reefs in the centre of the lagoons, and two tows on the ocean side of each atoll. In addition, reef flat transects were made to determine clam densities over these large shallow areas bordering the lagoon. The following number of tows; reef flat transects were made: Fakaofo - 72;3, Nukunonu - 61;3, Atafu - 35;2. A preliminary investigation was also made to look at the presence of stocks of the black-lipped pearl oyster, Pinctada marqaritifera in the three atoll lagoons. Here, SCUBA was used to make dives from patch reefs or bommies in the lagoon to a maximum depth of 120ft [36m]. Densities of pearl oysters and spiny oysters (Spondylus sp.) were recorded at several depths down to 100 [30m] or 120ft. No live or dead pearl oyster shells were found in any of the atolls. Densities of Spondylus sp. were high at dive sites in Fakaofo lag oon (32–56/m2) but considerably less at Nukunonu (<1/m2) and Atafu (0–4/m2). The densities at Fakaofo indicate potential competition (for food and settlement) with spiny oysters if pearl oyster introduction is attempted. At Atafu specimens of the small species Pinctada maculata were found. -
Book (series)Pearl oyster health management: a manual. 2007
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No results found.The pearl oyster industry is a growing multibillion dollar sector of molluscan aquaculture. The end product of pearl farming, the pearl, is unique to this sector. Pearl production is entirely based upon health. The pearl itself is a product of the oyster’s immune defences as a response to soft-tissue irritation. Today, most disease problems are caused by opportunistic pathogens taking advantage of oysters weakened by the stress of handling, including pearl surgery and sub-optimal growi ng conditions. Further development of the industry will inevitably lead to increased risk of disease introduction, spread or emergence. Against such an unwanted future, health management is the critical line of defence. This publication provides guidance on the management of pearl oyster health and reviews pearl oyster mortalities and disease problems that will be useful for designing programmes aimed at reducing the risks from diseases. Part 1 consists of pearl oyster health – the c urrent interest in it and an overview of the cultured marine pearl industry. Part 2 examines pearl oyster health management and consists of seven sections, namely: (a) introduction; (b) general information on husbandry and handling, hatchery production, introductions and transfers; (c) disease diagnostic protocols dealing with field collections of samples, gross external examination, gross internal examination and laboratory protocols; (d) health zonation; (e) disease outbreak protocol s; (f) national strategies on aquatic animal health; and (g) references. Certain countries in the pearl oyster producing regions have acquired a great deal of experience in health management of cultured species. Experiences from Australia, the Cook Islands, Japan, French Polynesia, the Philippines, China, the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea are included in Part 3 which also contains a general review of pearl oyster mortalities and disease problems.
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