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ArticlePower imbalances, social inequalities and gender roles as barriers to true participation in national park management: The case of Korup National Park, Cameroon
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Forest resource management has undergone profound changes in the last decades, including a tendency to apply participatory approach that seeks to involve local communities. However, the success of the participatory approach tends to remain dependent on the historical and societal context in question. To understand how the participation of forest communities has been changing as a result of the enforcement or non-enforcement of forest management practices, we carried out a study in Cameroon’s Korup National Park, with villages within and outside the park that continue to utilise the resources in the park. The empirical research included focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews in three communities and key informant interviews with selected community members, government officials, and non-governmental organisations involved in the park’s management. Research findings show that although the forest management system has changed in various policy documents, over the past years from a top-down to participatory approach, a centralised state system is still operational in the national park, with participatory approaches used merely as a legitimizing tool. We show how the existing horizontal power relations (such as gender roles within the communities) and vertical power relations (such as government-community dimensions) simultaneously impact the outcomes of participatory approaches on the ground. Finally, our case shows how the existing governance structures continue to reproduce inequalities and exclusions that originated from the colonial times and through path dependency still influence livelihoods and day-to-day survival of people in the communities ID: 3617612 -
ArticlePlanting design, survival and blue carbon stock of mangrove plantations in Banacon Island, Philippines
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Mangrove forests have the capacity to store and sequester vast amount of atmospheric carbon. Coastal reforestation in the tropics became more popular because of this ecosystem service and their value to protect human from the impacts of tsunami and storm surge. To illustrate mangrove’s blue carbon potential in view of planting design, carbon stock assessment of 20-year old Rhizophora stylosa plantations was done. Tree and sediment carbon stocks were determined using standard nested plot technique. These parameters were further examined in terms of the plant spacing used during the plantation establishment, namely: 0.5m x 0.5m; and 1.0m x 1.0m. Key findings showed that plantations that were established with closer spacing i.e. 0.5m x 0.5m spacing have higher stand density values than those with 1.0m x 1.0m interval by about 23,900 trees ha-1. Survival rate was also significantly higher in the former than the latter with a mean difference of 23%. In view of total carbon stocks, 0.5m x 0.5m spaced stands contain 276.8±11.6 tC ha-1, of which sediment has contributed about 110.1 tC ha-1 (40%). On the other hand, stands of 1.0m x 1.0m spacing have only 157.6±40.1 tC ha-1, wherein 21.3 tC ha-1 (48.2%) is attributable to sediments. Overall findings suggested that planting at a closer spacing (0.5m distance) could produce larger sediment carbon stock. A significant mean difference of 88.80 tC ha-1 was computed in favor of 0.5m x 0.5m stand, which is indicative of two possible reasons: a) thicker vegetation provides larger source organic material through litterfall; b) more interlinked roots help stabilize sediment from erosion while effectively trapping more organic material from other sources during tidal movements. ID: 3477110 -
ArticleDetermining best options for REDD+ benefit sharing plans
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Many REDD+ programs are approaching the payment phase after over a decade of preparation. Yet there are still lingering questions about benefit sharing. How should REDD+ initiatives balance efficiency and equity? Should payments be conditional? How is this balance affected by political and legal institutions? This paper analyzes case studies from Chile, Ghana, Nepal, and Viet Nam to answer these questions. First, the paper considers trade-offs between efficiency and equity. An efficiency-focused benefit-sharing plan (BSP) might favor compensating those with the highest emissions reduction potential, while an equity-focused BSP would rather favor the most vulnerable groups. We analyze this tension through the modalities of benefit sharing from the four case studies, highlighting their contextual differences. Second, the paper analyzes conditional versus unconditional payments. While REDD+ is based on the idea of payment when an actor has accomplished an action, our case studies reveal the role of unconditional payments. The difference affects equity and efficiency, allowing us to apply some lessons from the first section. We conclude with key understandings of REDD+ BSP options and arrangements. Keywords: Deforestation and forest degradation, Sustainable forest management, Adaptive and integrated management, Governance, Climate change ID: 3621775
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