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Revealing the hidden costs of agrifood systems in Small Island Developing States

Insights from The State of Food and Agriculture 2024












McMenomy, T. & Arslan, A. 2025. Revealing the hidden costs of agrifood systems in Small Island Developing States – Insights from The State of Food and Agriculture 2024. Rome, FAO.



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    In the current context of climate change, focusing on gender equality in the Small Island Developing States (SIDS) can drive improvements in resilience, food security and nutrition. This document seeks to enrich the knowledge and evidence base on gender, food systems and resilience in the SIDS of the Caribbean, the Pacific, and the Atlantic, Indian Ocean and South China Sea (AIS) region, providing evidence from Barbados, Cabo Verde, Comoros (the), Palau, Saint Lucia, Samoa and Sao Tome and Principe. It focuses specifically on gender-related roles, gender gaps and traditional knowledge in agriculture and natural resource management to better support women’s participation in value chains and the benefits they receive from value chain development. It calls for radical transformations to build resilient livelihoods, overcome gender inequalities and help rural women and men reduce their exposure and vulnerability to climate change and natural disasters. Furthermore, the transformations called for, which focus on gender equity, will increase the resilience of rural livelihoods to unforeseen events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in view of the critical role women play in ensuring food security and nutrition.
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    Changes in agricultural and environmental practices can contribute to the emergence of agricultural drought conditions. Unsustainable land-use practices, such as soil degradation, deforestation, and the destruction of wetlands, can lead to decreased water availability and increased runoff. Additionally, certain agricultural practices like large-scale irrigation and the cultivation of water-intensive plant species can further deplete water resources, leaving less water available for other purposes and diminishing groundwater levels.In Small Island Developing States (SIDS) such challenges can easily become critical vulnerabilities. Their remoteness and sensitive ecosystems enhance their exposure to natural hazards, while their limited access to resources and high import costs often leave them with limited opportunities for economic diversification. The report, a result of the collaboration between FAO and IIED, sheds light on the critical challenges of the agriculture sector in SIDS and provides insightful recommendations stemming from the broad consultations carried out in selected countries. It identifies key areas for policy interventions and technical approaches and supports stakeholders in defining effective measures for drought risk resilience through improved land and water management.
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    Enhancing Agrifood Systems in Pacific SIDS: Digital Village Initiative as a Catalyst for Sustainable Development
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    The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) launched the Digital Village Initiative (DVI) to promote digital innovations that support inclusive, gender-sensitive rural development and sustainable agrifood transformation in line with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The DVI adopts a country-led, user-centred, and holistic digital ecosystem approach to digital village development. This approach combines territorial strategies, innovative design, pilot projects, and local ownership to ensure that digital solutions are tailored to each community's specific needs and demands, fostering long-term sustainability.In the Asia-Pacific region, the FAO Regional Office conducted an assessment of digital village models across 13 countries, documenting pilots, models and prototypes. Inspired by this diversity, FAO developed a blueprint for supporting digital villages based on country ownership, bottom-up approaches and ecosystem-centred development. This blueprint guides the DVI's implementation and customizes support functions to each country's digital needs and advancement. This paper reports on FAO's Digital Village Initiative work in the Pacific, and was presented at the 2024 Small Island Developing States Solutions (SIDS) Forum held in Nadi, Fiji from 5-8 November 2024

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