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Feed & Feeding of fish & Shrimp

Year of publication 1987

Author Michael B. New;Office of Assistant Director-General

Product type Project

Edition 1

Synopsis (short abstract) This manual has been prepared as an easy-to-read guide to the choice, manufacture, storage and use of feed in small-scale aquaculture. It was written for fish and crustacean farmers, extension officers and university aquaculture students. Feeding increases the productivity of aquaculture farms but it constitutes the highest single cost item of running expenditure. Care in its use is therefore imperative. The manual attempts to answer the basic questions likely to be asked by those intending t o apply feed as part of a programme to intensify production. The main sections of the manual deal with the need to feed, feed composition, choice of feeds, feed manufacture, nutritional requirements, storage, feeding practice, record keeping and likely problems. Eighteen appendices cover a wide range of related topics including examples of feed formulae, feed machinery, feeding devices, simple tables of feed composition, binders, feeding tables and analytical methods.

Language English

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    This book is the proceedings of a meeting held in Bangkok in December 1992 on the use of farm-made feeds in Asia. It contains eleven country reviews of the topic, for Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nepal, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. Nine technical papers are also included. Three are on-farm feed preparation and feeding strategies - for carps and tilapias, for catfish and snakehead, and for marine shrimp and prawns. Five other working papers are on economics, the selection of equipment, feed ingredients, formulation and on-farm management, and supplementary feeding in semi-intensive aquaculture, all directed at farm-made, rather than commercial feeds. The ninth working paper is a regional overview of aquafeeds in Asia. An analysis of the material in the eleven country papers is also presented.
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    The need for developing suitable feeds based on locally available inexpensive ingredients has been widely recognized. Since lack of trained personnel is the main constraint in the development of fish feed technology in developing countries, the FAO/UNDP Aquaculture Development and Coordination Programme (ADCP) organized a special training course in fish feed technology at the College of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle, with a view to forming a small corps of fish feed specialists wh o could then be the focal points for future feed development programmes in their respective countries. The first report of the training course was presented in the report ADCP /REP/79/8. This present volume represents the edited texts of lectures presented by different specialists. Some additional material has been included for more complete coverage of the subject. Together, these texts may be considered to constitute a manual on fish feed technology, even though they were not prepared for that purpose. Twenty-six papers are included, under the general headings: (1) Digestion, physiology and anatomy; (2) nutritional bioenergetics; (3) nutritional biochemistry; (4) feedstuffs; (5) feed formulation; (6) feed manufacturing technology; (7) practical diets; and (8) quality control. Appendices include conversion tables, electrical data, and details on pelletability of selective feedstuffs, pellet die specifications, and equipment requirements for an 8 ton an hour feed mill.
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    Feeds for seabass and tiger prawns, Malaysia 1986
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    During a 2-month feeds consultancy by Michael New for LKIM1, Malaysia in November-December 1985, tutorials in fish/shrimp nutrition, demonstration of feed manufacture, and two short-term feeding trials were carried out. Form3ulations for an improved vitamin mix, for shrimp diets (maturation, early post-larval and grow-out) for seabass/grouper (broodstock, juvenile and grow-out), and for tilapia were provided. The artificial diet for juvenile seabass was tested and proved to give good growth ra te (three-fourfold weight increase in 20 days), survival rate (76–85%) and AFCR (1.9–1.1:1) and was cheaper to use than the filleted trash fish normally used for young fingerlings. Overall performance, though much better than that of animals fed another artificial diet tested in 1984, was not quite so good as on filleted trash fish. Two improved versions of the diet were formulated for further trials with seabass juveniles. The diet tested, which is expected to be satisfactory as a seabass grow- out feed, was immediately accepted by juveniles without any weaning period. A trial using the new post-larval diet for shrimp formulated during this consultancy for P9-P24 Penaeus monodon was conducted. The new feed gave nearly twice the survival rate and a better growth rate than the micro-encapsulated egg based diet previously used. The new feed, which will in future be used for large-scale post-larval production, has a feeding cost only 13% of that of the micro-encapsulated diet. Its use, a t the targeted hatchery production of 10 million post-larvae annually at the Sg. Merbok LKIM site, will increase revenue by over M$ 153 000 (US$ 68 000) per year, through increased survival rate and reduced feeding costs.
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