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Book (stand-alone)Trade, Value Chains, and Food Security
The State of Agricultural Commodity Markets 2015-16 Background paper
2015Also available in:
No results found.The aim of this paper is to present possible directions of research for investigating the relationship between trade and food security by taking into account the role of production fragmentation and the degree of participation of farmers in the different stages of the GVCs. To this end, the paper first introduces the topic, with a specific focus on the agri-food industry and provides a synthetic picture of the state of the art of the empirical analysis. Then, it focuses on two lines of research: the first one, at the macro level, deals with the emerging literature on tracing the value added of countries’ trade flows; the second one, at the micro level, makes use of the new household panel data with a strong focus on agriculture and rural development. Finally the conclusions present some policy implications related to the rising of GVCs. -
Book (stand-alone)Lost in translation: the fractured conversation about trade and food security
The State of Agricultural Commodity Markets 2015-16 Background Paper
2015Also available in:
No results found.There is heated debate among policy-makers and civil society about the impact of trade and trade policies on food security. This paper speculates on the reasons for such fractured and antagonistic discussion in the hope that a better understanding of these reasons may lead to more convergent views as to which policies and approaches are appropriate. The paper argues that part of the disagreement emerges from: (i) the different meanings attached to trade (Section 2); (ii) the multidimensional nat ure of food and nutrition security, and the large numbers of potential indicators for both concepts (Section 3); and (iii) the variety of channels that may link food and nutrition security to trade issues (Section 4). All three aspects complicate empirical assessment of the interactions between trade and food and nutrition security (Section 5). -
Book (stand-alone)Trade, food security and climate change: conceptual linkages and policy implications 2018
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No results found.Agriculture is not only a contributor to climate change, it will also be severely affected by climate change. Some effects of warming on crop yields, increased weed and pest occurrences and the effects of extreme events (e.g. floods, storms, droughts) on agricultural production are already observed. These are likely to intensify in the future leading to declines in agricultural production in many parts of the world, fluctuations in world market prices and an increased number of people at risk of food insecurity. The paper provides an overview of the complex relationships between climate change and agricultural trade, their connection with food security and possible policy implications. While there is no clear evidence on the net effect of trade on Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions, trade could play an important role in climate change adaptation for ensuring food security. High-latitude countries can expect productivity gains from climate change and could export a part of their surpluses to adversely affected countries. Low-latitude countries will be most severely affected in terms of production losses and may need to buffer these losses through increased food imports. Open markets could ease the exchange between food surplus and food deficit regions. Potential environmental externalities and financial and distributional impacts on developing countries would need to be further investigated and, if necessary, accounted for through targeted policy measures. The first domestic climate policies proposed by the countries as part of their obligations under the Paris Agreement suggest close interlinkages with World Trade Organization (WTO) rules. They would need to be coordinated and reconciled at international level to promote climate change mitigation, while, at the same time, ensure the free tradability of food as a crucial adaptation measure to climate change
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