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Book (stand-alone)General interest bookFood policies and their implications on overweight and obesity trends in selected countries in the Near East and North Africa region
Regional Program Working Paper No. 30
2020Also available in:
No results found.Regional and global trends in body weight show that the Near East and North Africa (NENA) region countries, especially the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) member countries, have the highest average body mass index and highest rates of overweight and obesity in the world. There exist several explanations that expound the high rates of overweight and obesity in most NENA countries, including the nutrition transition, urbanization, changes in lifestyle, and consequent reduction of physical activities. This study examines the implication of food policies, mainly trade and government food subsidies, on evolving nutritional transitions and associated body weight outcomes. We examine the evolution of trade (food) policies, food systems, and body weight outcomes across selected countries in the NENA region – Egypt, Jordan, and Iraq. In particular, we investigate the implications of important trade (food) policies in shaping diets and food systems as well as their implications on public health outcomes, mainly the rising levels of overweight and obesity in the NENA region. We provide a simple conceptual framework through which trade policies (tariff rates) and domestic government food policies (subsidies) may affect food systems and nutritional outcomes. An important and innovative feature of this study is that it compiles several macro- and micro-level datasets that allow both macro and micro-level analyses of the evolution of trade (food) policies and associated obesity trends. This approach helps to at least partly overcome the data scarcity that complicates rigorous policy research in the NENA region. Overweight and obesity rates have almost doubled between 1975 and 2016, with varying rates and trends across regions. For instance, whereas body weight in the NENA region was comparable with that found in high-income countries in the early years, after the 1990s regional overweight and obesity rates became much higher than those in high-income countries. Specifically, while most high-income countries are experiencing a relative slowing of increases in overweight rates, the trend for the NENA region continues to increase at higher rates. The evolution of overweight rates for the GCC countries are even more concerning. These trends are likely to contribute to the already high burden of non-communicable diseases in the NENA region. Contrary to the conventional view that overweight and obesity rates are urban problems, our findings show that rural body weight has been rising over the past few decades, sometimes at higher rates than in urban areas. -
Book (stand-alone)Technical bookCombating obesity and overweight
Private sector initiatives in Latin America and the Caribbean
2021Also available in:
The value chain that provides for healthy eating is essential in promoting and accessing an adequate diet. Producers, distributors and consumers play an important role in promoting the consumption of healthy foods, which is reflected in various initiatives that private and civil society have led in Latin American countries. This document seeks to be a tool for discussion, by presenting the results of a study in which the author reviews 10 private initiatives that were highlighted by the region's own agri-food sector unions, analyzing, systematizing and sharing good practices, gaps and lessons learned. Although the initiatives are very heterogeneous in terms of coverage, impact and budget, it is a material that allows broadening the analysis regarding the possibilities and commitment of the private agri-food sector in the transformation of healthier food environments.
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Book (stand-alone)General interest bookHarmonized World Soil Database version 2.0 2023
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No results found.The Harmonized World Soil Database version 2.0 (HWSD v2.0) is a unique global soil inventory providing information on the morphological, chemical and physical properties of soils at approximately 1 km resolution. Its main objective is to be useful for modelers and to serve as a basis for prospective studies on agroecological zoning, food security and the impacts of climate change. HWSD v2.0 also serves an educational function, illustrating the geographical distribution of soils as well as their properties globally. HWSD v2.0 is easily accessible and user-friendly. -
Book (series)GuidelineDéveloppement de l’aquaculture. 4. Une approche écosystémique de l’aquaculture. 2011Les dimensions sociales et biophysiques des écosystèmes sont inextricablement liées de telle manière qu’un changement dans une seule dimension est très susceptible de générer un changement dans une autre. Bien que le changement est une conséquence naturelle des interactions complexes, il doit être surveillé et même géré si le taux et la direction du changement risquent de compromettre la résilience du système. “Une approche écosystémique de l’aquaculture (AEA) est une stratégie pou r l’intégration de l’activité dans l’écosystème élargi de telle sorte qu’elle favorise le développement durable, l’équité et la résilience de l’interconnexion des systèmes socio-écologiques.” Etant une stratégie, l’approche écosystémique de l’aquaculture (AEA) n’est pas ce qu’on a fait, mais plutôt comment on l’a fait. La participation des parties intéressées est à la base de la stratégie. L’AEA exige un cadre politique approprié dans lequel la stratégie se développe en plusieurs é tapes: (i) la portée et la définition des limites des écosystèmes et l’identification de la partie intéressée; (ii) l’identification des problèmes principaux; (iii) la hiérarchisation des problèmes; (iv) la définition des objectifs opérationnels; (v) l’élaboration d’un plan de mise en oeuvre; (vi) le processus de mise en oeuvre correspondant qui comprend le renforcement, le suivi et l’évaluation, et (vii) un critique des politiques à long terme. Toutes ces étapes sont informées par les meilleures connaissances disponibles. La mise en oeuvre de l’AEA exigera le renforcement des institutions et des systèmes de gestion associés de sorte qu’une approche intégrée du développement de l’aquaculture peut être mise en oeuvre et compte entièrement des besoins et des impacts d’autres secteurs. La clé sera de développer des institutions capables d’intégration, notamment en fonction des objectifs et des normes convenus. L’adoption généralisée d’une AEA exigera un couplag e plus étroit de la science, la politique et la gestion. Elle exige aussi que les gouvernements incluent l’AEA dans leurs politiques de développement de l’aquaculture, stratégies et plans de développement.
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Book (series)Flagship2024年世界渔业和水产养殖状况
蓝色转型在行动
20242024年版《世界渔业和水产养殖状况》重点介绍了“蓝色转型在行动”的内容，包括粮农组织与各成员、合作伙伴和关键利益相关方在以下方面合作开展的活动和举措：将水产食品纳入全球粮食安全和可持续性议题，加强政策咨询、科学研究和能力建设，推广可持续的做法和技术创新，并支持社区参与。本报告第1部分得益于数据收集、分析和评估工具及方法方面的重大进展，展现了世界渔业和水产养殖业的生产和利用方面的最新情况。第2部分重点介绍了粮农组织及其合作伙伴在推动转型变革以支持水产养殖规模化和集约化发展、全球渔业有效管理和水产价值链升级方面的作用。第3部分介绍了整鱼和副产品利用方面尚未发掘的潜力所带来的重大挑战和机遇，说明水产食品体系能够发挥重要作用，提在应对气候变化、保护生物多样性和环境方面提供关键且妥善的解决方案，突显出将水产食品体系纳入国家进程和多边进程的重要性。本报告还在各项预测的基础上，提出了直到2032年的未来趋势展望。本报告为政策制定者、管理者、科学家、渔民、养殖户、贸易商、民间社会活动家和消费者等广大读者们提供了有关影响渔业和水产养殖业当前及未来的挑战、机遇和创新的基于实证的最新信息，支持政策、科学和技术方面的见解。