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T9 - Assesment of the status of the development of standards for the terrestrial essential climate variables

GTOS 64 - Land








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    Book (stand-alone)
    T 13 Assessment of the status of the development of standards for the terrestrial essential climate variables
    GTOS 68 - Fire disturbance
    2009
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    Fire is an important ecosystem disturbance with varying return frequencies, resulting in land cover alteration and change, and atmospheric emissions on multiple time scales. Fire is also an important land management practice and is an important natural abiotic agent in fire dependent ecosystems. Fires not only affect above-ground biomass but also surface and below-ground organic matter such as peat. Information on fire activity is used for global change research, estimating atm ospheric emissions and developing periodic global and regional assessments. It is also used for fire and ecosystem management planning and operational purposes (fire use, preparedness and wildfire suppression) and development of informed policies. The Fire Disturbance Essential Climate Variable includes Burned Area as the primary variable and two supplementary variables: Active Fire and Fire Radiated Power (or Fire Radiative Power - FRP). Burned Area is defined as the area af fected by human-made or natural fire and is expressed in units of area such as hectare (ha) or square kilometre (km2). Active Fire is the location of burning at the time of the observation and is expressed in spatial coordinates or by an indicator of presence of absence of fire in a spatially explicit digital raster map, such as a satellite image. FRP is the rate of emitted radiative energy by the fire at the time of the observation and is expressed in units of power, such as W atts (W).
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    BIOMASS - Assessment of the status of the development of the standards for the terrestrial essential climate variables
    Global Terrestrial Observing System GTOS 67
    2009
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    Vegetation biomass is a crucial ecological variable for understanding the evolution and potential future changes of the climate system. Vegetation biomass is a larger global store of carbon than the atmosphere, and changes in the amount of vegetation biomass already affect the global atmosphere by being a net source of carbon, and having the potential either to sequester carbon in the future or to become an even larger source. Depending on the quantity of biomass the vegetation cover can have a direct influence on local, regional and even global climate, particularly on air temperature and humidity. Therefore, a global assessment of biomass and its dynamics is an essential input to climate change forecasting models and mitigation and adaptation strategies.
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    Book (stand-alone)
    Terrestrial Essential Climate Variables for Climate
    Change Assessment,Mitigation and Adaptation
    2008
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    The 2007 IPCC assessment unequivocally states that humans have significantly changed the composition of the atmosphere and that, as a result, our climate is changing. To be able to attribute the causes of climate change, analyse the potential impacts, evaluate the adaptation options and enable characterization of extreme events such as floods, droughts and heat waves, globally consistent sets of observational data are needed. Without such baseline data it will not be possible develop the product s needed by policy and other stakeholders.

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