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Promising cases of forest and landscape restoration in Asia and the Pacific

Based on the guiding principles of the United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration













Mittelman, A., Hokka, V., Paudel, K.C., Animon, I. and Ioannou, A. 2024. Promising cases of forest and landscape restoration in Asia and the Pacific – Evidence based on the guiding principles of the United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration. Bangkok. FAO






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    FAO’s Regional office for Asia and the Pacific (FAO-RAP) and partners have developed a regional strategy and action plan for forest and landscape restoration (FLR) in the region. Capacity barriers need to be addressed for the strategy to be effectively implemented. Similarly, the third Asia-Pacific Forest Sector Outlook Study recommended FAO to strengthen the capacities of stakeholders in the region to facilitate FLR. Capacity development is also an output to be achieved in the regional Technical Cooperation Programme Project on FLR covering seven countries (Bangladesh, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, and Timor-Leste). Advancing on this output is the key focus of this online meeting.
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    There are numerous global, regional, national and even subnational targets for increasing forest area and forest restoration. In light of these global targets and emerging ambitious national commitments, it is imperative to develop low-cost strategies and techniques for landscape restoration. The most widely used restoration strategies involving planting of tree seedlings are often costly and their application for restoring vast expanses of degraded forest lands in the region may be limited. Case studies and experiences with natural regeneration from the region have shown that natural regeneration significantly reduces the cost of restoration in areas that meet certain conditions. Native species that are adapted to the prevailing conditions re-establish on their own with some assistance, achieving accelerated growth in accordance with natural succession, leading to the recovery of native ecosystems. Restoration strategies based on natural regeneration also provide low-cost opportunities for conserving biodiversity and enhancing ecosystem services, including carbon sequestration and watershed protection. Despite these economic and environmental advantages, natural regeneration is often overlooked when restoration policies and programmes are designed for a number of reasons. These include lack of its recognition as a viable restoration option; perverse incentives favouring clearing of young secondary growth for plantation development or other land uses; lack of institutional support by government agencies and other organizations; unclear tenure and property rights; lack of incentives for local communities; and uncertainty about the restoration processes and outcomes. This publication aims to share information on the outcome of the regional workshop, entitled ‘Promoting the Role of Natural Regeneration in Large-scale Forest and Landscape Restoration: Challenges and Opportunities, held in Nanning, Guangxi Province, China, from 19 to 21 June 2017, which was organized to better understand the challenges and opportunities for natural forest regeneration and to promote its inclusion as a major component of large-scale restoration initiatives.
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    Global restoration commitments cover around one billion hectares. Implementing these requires investments of up to USD 1,670 billion (for 10 years) . Forest and landscape restoration (FLR) is gaining momentum in the context of the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration, co-led by UNEP and FAO, to contribute to the targets of the Bonn Challenge, Kunming-Montreal Biodiversity Framework, Land Degradation Neutrality, and Global Land Initiative among others. Restoration of the world’s degraded landscapes is critical for ensuring a healthy natural resource base for more efficient, inclusive, resilient, and sustainable agrifood systems. FAO has been assisting Bangladesh, Lao PDR, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea and Timor-Leste to scale up FLR through a Regional Technical Cooperation Programme (regional TCP) project. A key planned output of this project is a donors and partners’ conference for scaling up restoration. A Regional Programmatic Framework for FLR building on the RSAP has been prepared as part of this project, and a Regional FLR Network of implementing partners is being shaped to help countries meet their restoration commitments and visions. FAO and partners aim to enhance and strengthen finance partnerships and coordinated investments in FLR, including through South-South and Triangular Cooperation (SSTC), the private sector, project aggregation, blended financing, and other emerging opportunities. The FLR Asia Investment Forum is a part of this effort.

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