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DocumentWorking paperEstimating Food Consumption Patterns by Reconciling Food Balance Sheets and Household Budget Surveys
dec/14
2014Also available in:
No results found.Food Balance Sheets (FBS) are one of the most important sources of data on food availability for human consumption. This paper presents a method to improve the information on food consumption patterns of FBS by using national household budget surveys (HBS). In this paper, food commodities are categorized into 16 major food groups. For each food group, the contribution to the overall caloric intake is represented in shares. Item group shares of 64 surveys from 51 low and middle income countries are compared with shares from country-specific FBS. Given the countries represented in the data, the analysis evaluates food consumption of over 3 billion persons worldwide. A model based on a cross-entropy measure of information has been developed in order to reconcile aggregate food consumption patterns suggested by FBS and HBS. The latter model accounts for the fact that data from both data sources are prone to measurement errors. Overall, the results of the reconciliation suggest that aver age consumption of cereals, eggs, fish products, pulses and vegetables are likely to be underestimated in FBS, while fruits, meat, milk and sugar products are likely to be overestimated in FBS. Even though the suggested changes in average food consumption are moderate, the results imply considerable relative changes in the aggregate consumption of single food groups. Furthermore, the results imply that the aggregate consumption of fats is 2% higher than currently assumed. The updated consumption patterns provide valuable information from an agro-industrial perspective. Differences in updated consumption pattern with respect to the original FBS might suggest a re-evaluation of FBS elements of the value chain, starting from production and ending at food losses. -
Book (stand-alone)Technical studyBest practices to support and improve the livelihoods of small-scale fisheries and aquaculture households
APFIC/FAO regional consultative workshop
2009Also available in:
No results found.Ensuring that fisheries and aquaculture are undertaken sustainably and equitably lies at the heart of the FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (CCRF). Although the CCRF offers some suggestions as to the major areas where this should be applied, it does not offer specific guidance on best practice. It is the function of working arrangements such as the Asia-Pacific Fishery Commission (APFIC) to develop this sort of guidance, applicable to the local context of the region and, as part its advocacy role, to bring to the attention of policy-makers, governments, regional organizations and non-governmental organizations, those approaches and practices which offer the best opportunities for improving livelihoods and building resilience in communities. Too often, well intentioned policies are implemented that result in unintended outcomes such as environmental degradation, marginalization of small-scale producers and their families or see benefits captured by other interest gr oups or elites. It is through taking stock of such lessons of success and failure that we can offer guidance on future efforts and draw attention to those policies or interventions that may not be achieving their intended outcomes or are even creating more problems than they solve. This report contains a set of recommendations developed from an APFIC Regional Consultative workshop that indicate those areas of best practice and policies that support coastal community livelihoods. It also cont ains advice on practices and policies that are to be avoided. The purpose of the workshop was to generate a greater sense of where Asia-Pacific countries and organizations should be directing their efforts to improve livelihoods and the resilience of communities dependent on fisheries and aquaculture and to set the stage for future dialogue on policy planning and development in the region.