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Fish-farmers in rural communities:Evaluation of Questionnaires and Survey Routines used during a pilot survey in the Northern Province of Zambia

Evaluation of questionnaires and survey routines used during a pilot survey in the Northern Province of Zambia (October 1987)

Year of publication 1988

Place of publication Rome, Italy ;

Pages p.84

Author Wijkstroem, U.N.,Aase, H.

Product type Project

Edition 1

Synopsis (short abstract) This report presents recommendations for modifications to the procedures and questionnaires used during the pilot survey, as well as the rationale for those modifications. The pilot survey was carried out in the Northern Province of Zambia in October 1987. The survey team included two aquaculturists, Mr Hans Aase (with project GCP/INT/436/SWE) and Mr H.C. Kabunda of the Misamfu Fish Farm, Northern Province; and two sociologists, Ms Phebby Ntembe and Ms Nelly Mazingaliwa. The four assembled in Lusaka before spending three weeks in the field. During that time 89 interviews were carried out. They included 46 interviews with farmers practising tilapia farming, 22 with farmers who used to raise tilapia in ponds, and 21 with individuals believed to be potential fish-farmers. The survey team travelled in two four-wheel drive vehicles placed at the disposal of the survey by NORAD. Three out of four interviews were conducted in the mother tongue of the respondent. None of the farmers contac ted by the survey teams refused to be interviewed, and none terminated the interview on his own initiative. Those who carried out the survey found no serious discrepancies between what they observed and the findings as reported (Results of a Socio-Economic Pilot Survey on Fish - Farmers in Rural Communities in the Northern Province of Zambia, October 1987). There are a few additional data which might be useful for the survey results, and which might be collected without any major additional effort. They are: depth of ponds, water-flow through ponds and destination of run-off water, distance between main household compound and pond, feed and fertilizer - their use and availability. The pilot survey as a part of the “Current situation and outlook” intended to establish the “health” of existing fish pond through comparison of an estimated rate of production at a normal rate. This proved not to be possible.

Language English

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    A major task for the Aquaculture for Local Community Development Programme is to identify optimal procedures for using aquaculture as a tool in rural development. The consultant was employed to assist in this task by developing the methodology and content of a survey of Fish-Farmers in Rural Communities. The survey when fully developed and applied should aid government staff in their work with rural fish-farmers. The consultant visited Zambia from 25 August to 16 September 1987. During that ti me the objectives of the survey were defined, the methodology and content of the survey developed and subsequently tested in Chipata and Petauke Districts. The result is a proposal for a survey which will produce two sets of data. The first concerns the Current Situation and Outlook for fish-farm production in the area studied; the second will yield information about the significance of economic, cultural and political factors thought to influence the decisions of fish-farmers with regard to t heir fish-farming activities. The consultant recommends that a survey of Fish-Farmers in Rural Communities now be conducted in the Northern Region of Zambia. The proposed survey is a tool, and to be tested correctly, it is of utmost importance that it be done under as close to ideal conditions as possible. The consultant therefore recommends that the survey team include four members, who together have academic backgrounds in aquaculture and one or more social sciences. They should have the use of two 4-wheel drive vehicles. The aquaculturist and the two enumerators (socio-economists) should be able to communicate in the language(s) of the region. The survey should include no less than 130 interviews. If vehicles and personnel are provided as indicated, the field work could be completed in three weeks.
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    Fish farmers in rural communities:: Results of a Survey in Northwestern Province of Zambia
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    At the request of the Government of Zambia (GOZ), ALCOM surveyed farmers with fish ponds in the North Western Province during the second quarter of 1988. The objectives of the survey were: to determine the current status and future prospects of tilapia pond culture. to examine the characteristics of subsistence fish farmers, and constraints faced by them. The survey was carried out by staff from the Department of Fisheries and ALCOM, assisted by investigators and interpreters recruited for the survey. About 10% of the Province's known 1372 subsistence fish farmers were interviewed. The survey indicated that subsistence farmers harvested about 50 tons of tilapia during 1988. This was equivalent to about 6.6 kg per individual in the concerned households. The average physical productivity of the earthen gravity-fed ponds was low; about 4 kg per 100m2 per year. It is estimated that just below 20% of the production was taken out though intermittent harvesting (hook and line), the re st in major harvests, one or two per year. Ponds were seldom if ever drained. Some fish were left behind to reproduce. The tilapia farmed by subsistence farmers was expected to register production increases of about 5% per year, if existing ponds were kept in workable condition. This increase would come about through a rise in the total pond surface area, as an increase in physical productivity of ponds was not likely in the immediate future. The average subsistence fish farmer is better edu cated, more influential, and likely to be economically better off than the average head of a farming household in the Province. A comparison between farmers who have been introduced to tilapia culture through a recent aid project (ICARA) and other farmers, shows that prior to the ICARA project the characteristics described above for a fish farmer were even more pronounced.
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