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Book (series)Technical studyRational use of vaccination for control and prevention of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza (EMPRES FOCUS ON) 2016
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Vaccination can play a valuable role in control, prevention and elimination of highly pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) viruses in poultry. However, risk of adverse consequences as well as concerns about availability of sufficient resources to conduct vaccination programmes often restrain countries from embarking on vaccination. This document discusses concerns regarding poultry vaccination for H5 HPAI, with the aim to facilitate decision making in affected countries or those at risk of H5 HP AI incursion. The document contributes to FAO’s Strategic Objective 5 by helping to increase the resilience of livelihoods to threats from HPAI. -
Journal, magazine, bulletinBulletin2016–2018 Spread of H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in sub-Saharan Africa
Epidemiological and ecological observations
2018Also available in:
No results found.South Africa is experiencing an epidemic of H5N8 HPAI virus since 2017 in both domestic and wild birds. The document will assess the potential for the virus to persist in this ecosystem and potentially spread northwards with wild bird movement during the South African winter (i.e. June – September 2018). -
Brochure, flyer, fact-sheetBrochureImmediate technical assistance to strengthen emergency preparedness for highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) 2018
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No results found.The project brief includes information about the details of the project, the background, objective, description and key achievements of the project. It also mentions about how the project will implement the operations to achieve Sustainable Development Goals of FAO in line with the Strategic Objectives of FAO. Through the project brief, the audience will get clear understanding on how the project operates and what advantages it will bring for the beneficiaries.
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Book (stand-alone)Technical bookVulnerability of mountain peoples to food insecurity
Updated data and analysis of drivers
2020Also available in:
No results found.This study, the third of its type published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), adds further evidence that in mountain regions of developing countries, food insecurity, social isolation, environmental degradation, exposure to the risk of disasters and to the impacts of climate change, and limited access to basic services, especially in rural areas, are still prevalent and, under some circumstances, increasing. It also shows the technical challenges for producing more comprehensive and representative assessments based on scientific data, and providing a deeper understanding of the underlying factors of vulnerability of mountain people. Mountains cover 39 million km2, or 27 percent, of the world’s land surface. In 2017, the global mountain population reached nearly 1.1 billion, which is 15 percent of the world’s population, with an increase of 89 million people since 2012. The increase added almost entirely (86 million people) to the mountain population in developing countries, which reached one billion people in 2017. The population has increased in all the regions of the developing world. Only the areas at the highest mountain altitudes (above 3 500 m) continued to experience a depopulation trend in the last 17 years, while at all other elevations population increased. In all African subregions, in South America and in Central and Western Asia, the population density is higher in the mountains than in the lowlands. In developing countries, 648 million people (65 percent of the total mountain population) live in rural areas. Half of them – 346 million – were estimated to be vulnerable to food insecurity in 2017. In other words, one in two rural mountain dwellers in developing countries live in areas where the daily availability of calories and protein was estimated to be below the minimum threshold needed for a healthy life. In the five years from 2012 to 2017, the number of vulnerable people increased in the mountains of developing countries, approximately at the same pace as the total mountain population. Although the proportion of vulnerable people to the total mountain population did not change, the absolute number of vulnerable people increased globally by 40 million, representing an increment of 12.5 percent from 2012 to 2017. -
Book (series)Technical studyThe impact of climate variability and extremes on agriculture and food security - An analysis of the evidence and case studies
Background paper for The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2018
2020Also available in:
No results found.Global climate studies show that not only temperatures are increasing and precipitation levels are becoming more varied, all projections indicate these trends will continue. It is therefore imperative that we understand changes in climate over agricultural areas and their impacts on agriculture production and food security. This study presents new analysis on the impact of changing climate on agriculture and food security, by examining the evidence on recent climate variability and extremes over agricultural areas and the impact of these on agriculture and food security. It shows that more countries are exposed to increasing climate variability and extremes and the frequency (the number of years exposed in a five-year period) and intensity (the number of types of climate extremes in a five-year period) of exposure over agricultural areas have increased. The findings of this study are compelling and bring urgency to the fact that climate variability and extremes are proliferating and intensifying and are contributing to a rise in global hunger. The world’s 2.5 billion small-scale farmers, herders, fishers, and forest-dependent people, who derive their food and income from renewable natural resources, are most at risk and affected. Actions to strengthen the resilience of livelihoods and food systems to climate variability and extremes urgently need to be scaled up and accelerated. -
Book (series)FlagshipThe State of Food and Agriculture 2019
Moving forward on food loss and waste reduction
2019The need to reduce food loss and waste is firmly embedded in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Food loss and waste reduction is considered important for improving food security and nutrition, promoting environmental sustainability and lowering production costs. However, efforts to reduce food loss and waste will only be effective if informed by a solid understanding of the problem. This report provides new estimates of the percentage of the world’s food lost from production up to the retail level. The report also finds a vast diversity in existing estimates of losses, even for the same commodities and for the same stages in the supply chain. Clearly identifying and understanding critical loss points in specific supply chains – where considerable potential exists for reducing food losses – is crucial to deciding on appropriate measures. The report provides some guiding principles for interventions based on the objectives being pursued through food loss and waste reductions, be they in improved economic efficiency, food security and nutrition, or environmental sustainability.