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Land Reform : land settlement and cooperatives 1998/2

Year of publication 1998

Pages 134 p.

Publisher FAO ;

Product type Book (series)

Edition 1

Synopsis (short abstract) For a number of years, FAO’s Land Tenure Service has sought to contribute to the debate on the basis of acceptance that agrarian societies are diverse and that solutions must come directly from those concerned and not derive from external visions bearing little resemblance to local realities. The refusal to accept an “easy” answer to the land issue does not, however, mean that we should not explore ways of taking the matter forward. This volume sets out to facilitate the debate by suggesting a m ethodological itinerary that has four distinct stages: •general understanding of the issue; •in-depth analysis, requiring appropriate methodological tools; •elaboration of appropriate measures, using a participatory approach; •ongoing monitoring to introduce any modifications needed as country and regional situations change. Often, we must turn to agrarian history if we are to understand the deep-rooted origins of an agrarian issue – a lesson taught to us by Marc Bloch and his disciples. The fir st articles take up this theme: C. Kay provides a stimulating historical account of agrarian reform in Latin America; P. Mathieu, S. Mugangu Matabaro and A. Mafikiri Tsongo share their reflections on one of the bloodiest conflicts of recent years, that of the Great Lakes Region in Africa; and G. Ciparisse analyses the historical evolution of land access rights in sub-Saharan Africa. These three articles all emphasize the notion of complexity and the intricate web of factors which produces a some times explosive mix of agrarian reform.

Language Trilingual

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    This issue of Land Reform, Land Settlement and Cooperatives includes interesting descriptions of land tenure and related policies in Uganda, Tunisia, the United Republic of Tanzania and Morocco. Two thought-provoking articles on access to land and other assets focus on policies to reduce poverty and the function of markets in the allocation of production resources. In the first, J. Melmed-Sanjak and S. Lastarria-Cornhiel conclude that any reduction in rural poverty requires a series of policy ef forts that recognize the links existing between household options of access to assets, the access strategies they adopt and macrostructural changes. In the second article, F. Vogelgesang argues in favour of applying an institutional analysis to examine the possibilities and limitations of an approach that favours market mechanisms as an alternative to the discouraging results of past redistributive reform in Latin America. The article by C. Guanziroli seeks to place the ongoing process of land r eform in Brazil in the context of the new orientations and trends of economic growth and globalization.
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    In this issue, we present a historical overview from the perspective of our Rural Development Division and colleagues of the Land Tenure Service. We begin with a contribution from Professor Riad El-Ghonemy, the former Chief of the Land Tenure Service and one of the originators of this bulletin back in the 1960s. He expounds his views on the challenges of land reform and on how these have changed over the past forty years. There then follow three articles, submitted in May 2003 to the 29th sessio n of the Committee on World Food Security, on the impact of access to land on improving food security and alleviating poverty. In the first, Professor Michael Carter of the University of Wisconsin-Madison, the United States, deals with the design of land reform and land rights as instruments for alleviating poverty and enhancing food security. In the second article, Professor José-Eli da Veiga of the University of São Paulo, Brazil, recounts his country’s recent experience in land reform, while, in the third, Mr Edgar A. Guardian, Head of the Agrarian Reform Project in the Philippines, relates the experience of this project through which FAO’s Rural Development Division has supported land reform in the Philippines since 1990.
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    The articles in this volume supplement FAO Land Tenure Studies 10, Compulsory acquisition of land and compensation. The latter publication explains what compulsory acquisition and compensation are and what constitutes good practice in this area. This current volumes introductory article provides an overview of these issues. The issue of compulsory acquisition from a human rights perspective is also addressed here as are the concepts of market value, compensation value and just terms co mpensation. Articles that examine national experiences in Argentina, Australia, Belarus, Nigeria, Sweden and Turkey underline the global diversity of compulsory acquisition and compensation issues.
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