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Planning for human-wildlife coexistence









FAO and IUCN SSC HWCCSG. 2023. Planning for human-wildlife coexistence. Rome.



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    Spatial planning to ensure future coexistence between wildlife and people 2023
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    This case study highlights Ecoexist Trust's efforts in Botswana's Okavango Panhandle to foster coexistence between people and elephants. The region faces conflicts due to shared space between 35,000 people and 20,000 elephants. Ecoexist employs a holistic approach, conducting research to identify critical elephant pathways and overlap with human activities. They collaborated with land authorities to develop the Land Use Conflict Information Strategy (LUCIS), strategically mapping agricultural areas away from frequent elephant movement paths. LUCIS helps allocate land effectively, preventing conflicts and supporting farmers in protecting fields. Trust-building and ongoing research were crucial to success. Ecoexist engaged stakeholders to incorporate preferences in land allocation. Positive outcomes include identifying suitable agricultural areas and scaling up the approach to other regions. Challenges include government staff turnover and adaptability to different contexts. Overall, Ecoexist's spatial planning approach promotes coexistence, reduces conflicts, and supports communities in the Okavango Panhandle.
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    Building institutional and local community capacity to manage human-wildlife conflict 2023
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    This case study comes from Mozambique, where human-wildlife conflict was not a new issue in 2010. Incidents had been increasing, particularly those involving crocodiles Crocodylus niloticus, and also elephants Loxodonta africana and lions Panthera leo. These incidents impacted food security, local community incomes, well-being and safety, and were exacerbated by poverty levels. Human-wildlife conflict had become a major concern for the Government of Mozambique and led them to formulate a National Strategy for Human-Wildlife Conflict Management (2009-2014). The government approved the Strategy in 2009, and from 2010 its implementation was supported by FAO, through a Technical Cooperation Programme Project The FAO project's objective was to design an implementation plan for the Strategy with the expressed goal of mitigating human-wildlife conflicts and build the needed capacity in the country to be able to do so. This case study focuses on how capacity was built in Mozambique to implement the Strategy. By building capacity in the national government agencies, the FAO project empowered the government agencies to guide and implement the country's national strategy on human-wildlife conflict. The overhauled database, covering five years (2006-2010), was presented at the Council of Ministers, in order to underscore the importance of the situation in Mozambique, inform the Ministers of the problem, and highlight some of the tools available to reduce the impacts of human-wildlife conflict, particularly the crocodile cages that had been used and improved.
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    Building communities’ capacities to coexist with wildlife 2022
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    The case study comes from Assam, India, where the pilot project was established between Chester Zoo (then North of England Zoological Society), United Kingdom and EcoSystems - India, a regional non-governmental organization (NGO), to learn about the conflict and determine the best way towards sustainable solutions with the impacted communities. This pilot phase became the catalyst for the Assam Haathi Project, which worked with local communities to understand the situation further and identify solutions for addressing the issue collaboratively. The project ran for 14 years, from 2004 to 2018, and conducted many activities to address the human-elephant conflict. This case study highlights a subset of activities that have been conducted by the Assam Haathi Project.

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