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No Thumbnail AvailableProjectReport of consultancy at the Regional Lead Centre in China for integrated fish farming
Establishment of a Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia
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No results found.A logical first step in the study of integrated farming activities is the collection of data on systems that are in commercial operation. There is a wide range of integrated farming systems involving aquaculture in Asia in general, and China in particular. A classification of aquaculture systems involving crops and livestock should be established. Information should be collected on the kinds and extent of integration, inputs and outputs, capital and operating expenses, and profitability of eac h system. The ultimate aim, to optimize such complex integrated farming systems, will require protracted study. However, the analysis of existing systems and discussions with farmers concerning current management strategies and problems should enable a large body of relevant data to be amassed in a relatively short period of time. The information may be used to establish hypotheses concerning the functioning of such systems, which may then be tested by experimentation and the establishment of mo del farms. The collection of data on integrated fish farming operations is difficult since most farmers keep neither detailed records of inputs into the system nor yields of fish, livestock products and crops. China is an exception to some extent since the farms are organized into collectives; detailed records are generally kept because of the need to determine the amount of profit at the end of each year, which determines how much benefit each farm worker will receive. Furthermore, through ke eping detailed records which permit the integrated farming system to be well managed, successive years operations can be gradually improved with a continuous increase in the profitability of the system. -
No Thumbnail AvailableProjectOutline of an Applied Research and Experimental development Programme for the Latin American Regional Centre for Aquaculture 1978
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Applied research and experimental development requirements for the expansion and intensification of aquaculture in Latin America were identified on the basis of ten-year development plans prepared by the Governments of the region, and taking into account the local needs and desires of people most affected, impact on human nutrition, feasibility of science and technology, least time required for implementation, environmental compatibility, and contributions to social futures. Structured research and experimentation following applied systems approaches were considered essential for the evaluation, transfer, refinement, and adaption of various forms of aquaculture to the region. Multidisciplinary teams have to be organized to undertake simultaneous studies on problems affecting large-scale adoption of the main aquaculture production systems. The Task Force identified some of the major problems for investigations, but recognized that many associated problems may occur in the course of Stud ies and therefore research should be conducted by multidisciplinary teams. Flexibility is needed in programme development at the Regional Centre, but quick impact and commercial-scale culture were foreseen through use of pond culture of tilapia, particularly hybrids. Much interest in the culture of indigenous species was noted, and experimental work on these are recommended. Immediate opportunities for growing tilapia in cages, carp, trout and oysters at the Centre were identified, as were longe r term opportunities for polyculture and for the farming of mussels and shrimps. -
No Thumbnail AvailableProjectReport to the government of Thailand on shrimp farm development 1973
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No results found.The report gives an account of shrimp farm development investigations, including small-scale larval culture experiments in which five species were grown to post-larval size from eggs spawned in the laboratory. The results of two experiments to test the efficiency of fertilizer to increase pond production are reported. Production was greater with ammonium sulphate and superphosphate than with superphosphate alone. Application of tea-seed cake at rates of 25 parts per million (ppm) and 10 ppm was effective in eliminating fish from shrimp ponds without damaging the shrimp. Research to produce shrimp in hatcheries should be conducted, but it is important that pond management skills be developed before additional shrimp from hatcheries are provided to traditional type farmers. Suggestions which might assist in improving shrimp farming have been indicated. Supplemental feeding is not considered necessary at this stage of development in the traditional practice of shrimp farming in Thailand. Sufficient food can be supplied by fertilization of pond waters. The most immediate need is to determine what types of fertilizer are appropriate for Thai waters, and their proper rates of application.
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