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The role of law in the reduction of rural poverty

Towards leveraging legal frameworks













Chirwa, M.C., Vidar, M. and Yeshanew, S. 2020. The role of law in the reduction of rural poverty: Towards leveraging legal frameworks. FAO Legal Papers No. 105. Rome, FAO.




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    Social protection is recognized as an effective strategy for poverty eradication. It also contributes to promoting good health and well-being, achieving decent employment, fostering economic growth and reducing inequalities – objectives that are reflected in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG targets 1.3, 3.8, 5.4 and 10.4). When designed to reduce and prevent poverty, food insecurity, and vulnerability across the life cycle – social protection policies and programmes can effectively support vulnerable households to improve their lives. The issue lies in the fact that only 45 per cent of the global population is currently effectively covered by at least one social benefit and the remaining 55 per cent – some 4 billion people – are left unprotected. "On the path to universal coverage" identifies and analyses existing the barriers of access to social protection for rural populations (legal, institutional, financial) and also explores international experiences to identify potential solutions to overcome these barriers in a systematized manner. This paper aims to shed light on the current gaps in social protection programmes and offers solutions for policy-makers and stakeholders to take into account in the design and implementation stages of their own projects.
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    Despite global efforts, it is estimated that around 2.2 billion people still live in poverty1, and that approximately 80 percent of this figure is made up of people living in rural areas. According to the World Bank (2018), utting an end to poverty is proving to be one of the greatest human rights challenges the modern world faces. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Agenda includes as its number 1 goal, the goal to end poverty.
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    Today, about 736 million people live in extreme poverty. Extreme poverty is primarily a rural phenomenon, with 80 percent of the extreme poor living in rural areas, across greatly diverse rural landscapes. Despite great progress in poverty reduction, the standard of living of the poorest of the poor has remained almost unchanged in the past 35 years, signaling that a huge gap in policy making and programmatic approaches are leaving them behind. FAO has established a Corporate Framework on Rural Extreme Poverty to orient and bring to bear the relevant work of the Organization towards reaching Target 1.1 of the SDGs. Eliminating extreme poverty is directly linked to eliminating hunger (SDG 2), as well as other SDGs. When the extreme poor have means to a better life, they no longer suffer from hunger and can invest in a better future for their families and communities. The Framework reinforces the application of other Corporate Frameworks, particularly those related to gender equality, social protection, sustaining peace, and migration. This makes the Framework applicable to many areas of FAO’s work, accelerating efforts to eliminate extreme poverty in rural areas. The Framework identifies four key areas to reach the rural extreme poor: ensuring food security and nutrition, promoting economic inclusion, fostering environmentally sustainable and resilient livelihoods and preventing and protecting the extreme poor against risks and shocks.

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