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ArticlePre-treatment effect on seed germination of calopogonium mucunoides: A promising cover crop for forest land restoration and climate resilience
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Calopogonium mucunoides have been widely used as a pasture legume, cover crop and nitrogen fixing plant in tropical and sub-tropical regions. It reduces soil erosion, controls wind and water erosion; improve soil properties and adapts to wide climatic conditions. The present study investigated the effect of different pre- treatment on germination percent (GP), mean germination time (MGT), germination value (GV), peak value (PV) and germination index (GI) of C. mucunoides. The experiment was conducted at Forest Research Institute, India. Treatment used were hot water soaking for 6 hrs at 40, 60, 80 & 88 ° C; acid scarification using H2SO4 in 1, 3 & 5% concentration; sand scarification, GA3 treatment at 50 & 100ppm; KNO3 at 0.1,1 & 3%. Germination parameters such as GP (ISTA, 2010); MGT (Orchard, 1977); GV (Djavanshir & Pourbeik, 1976); PV (Czabator, 1962), and GI (Timson, 1965) of the species were measured as per the standard methods. Experiment was conducted using CRD in a seed germinator at 25±1 C. ANOVA was performed, and significant treatment means were separated by Duncan's new multiple range tests. Highest GP was observed as 97% at 88° C followed by 87, 86 & 83% at 80, 60 & 40°C hot water treatment respectively. Sand scarification method exhibited the GP of 80%. Lowest MGT was recorded in GA3 (50 & 100ppm) and hot water (88 °C). Maximum GV, PV and GI were recorded in the seed treated with 88° C hot water. The result of ANOVA showed a significant difference (P<0.05) in the effect of GP, MGT and GV using different pre-treatment. Pre-treatment had a significant role in the germination parameters of C. mucunoides. In laboratory, untreated seed produce the GP of 56% while sand scarification and hot water soaking had increase the GP ranges from 80-97% appears to be more promising, cost effective and safest method for large scale cultivation of these cover crops to prevent soil erosion and restore the soil fertility of wastelands of tropical regions of the world. Keywords: Cover crop, pre-treatment, dormancy, germination percent, mean germination time ID: 3487192 -
ArticleSelection on a drought tolerance and using its results for adaptation of pine forests to climate change
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Forest-steppe region of European Russia belongs to the zone of highly productive pine forests. Relevance of research answers sub-theme of Forestry Congress “forests’ role in addressing global environmental challenges, including climate change and biodiversity conservation”. Conclusions and practical recommendations are based on the results of 34-years monitoring and 12-years self-pollination experience at Scots pine. Main elements of pine seed reproduction systems are self-fertility, proportion of plump seeds and number of seeds per cone. These are genetically determined and environmentally dependent traits with different sensitivity to drought. Their equilibrium state ensures the stability of species seed reproduction system. Drought leads to yield decrease of pine forests, differentiation of trees by drought tolerance degree. Genotypic correction is connected with the unequal contribution of resistant and sensitive trees to the year seed production. To softening the climate change consequences for newly created pine forests, it is recommended to use seeds of drought-tolerant variety of pine ‘Ostrogozhskaya’ (patent No 9187) for reforestation. It is also necessary to draw the seed genotypic composition of optimal years closer to their natural structure of years. For this purpose, it is required to increase the proportion of seeds from drought-tolerant forms by 10-30%. This would make it possible to retain the gene pool of best local populations and increasing their stability in the next generations of forest. Institute has an assortment of drought-resistant forms of Scots pine. Pre- adapted seeds have a sufficient reserve of ecological capacity and a balanced genotypic composition to ensure the genetic diversity and stability of pine forests to climate change. Keywords: Climate change; adaptive selection; Scots pine; seed reproduction systems; drought-tolerant variety ID: 3488667 -
ArticlePromoting Terminalia brownii as a commercial indigenous tree species in drylands, East Africa
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Kenya’s forest cover is estimated at 7.4% of the land mass cover. Forests are important in ensuring biodiversity conservation and providing ecosystem goods and services, improving community livelihoods and national GDP. There is need to enhance afforestation and reforestation programmes to achieve the envisioned 10% tree cover target. However, this effort is constrained by climate change issues arising from unsustainable exploitation of wood for charcoal and firewood leading to the depletion of important tree species such as T. brownii. The domestication of T. brownii under agroforestry systems and other tree planting programmes are constrained by lack of adequate supply of superior and high quality seeds and seedlings, poor silvi-cultural management techniques, low rates of integration into smallholder agroforestry programs, limited knowledge on crop-tree interactions and lack of allometric models to estimate biomass yield and carbon stock. A multidisciplinary research project funded by the National Research Fund (NRF) is ongoing and is geared towards promoting the propagation and regeneration of T. brownii under agroforestry systems in the drylands of Kenya to mitigate climate change. A number of preliminary findings have been reported, such are; (1) Terminalia brownii fruits have mechanical dormancy imposed by the hard samara fruit and that extracted T. brownii seeds record a high percentage of above 80% under warm conditions; (2) germination of T. brownii fruits and seeds are significantly affected by fungal pathogens and insect pests; (3) five variables significantly influence the decision to domesticate T. brownii these are; education level of household head, importance of farm to the household income, access to credit, dependency ratio and intercropping; (4) studies on the spatial distribution and occurrence and development of allometric equation for estimating above and below-ground biomass of T. brownii in the drylands of Kenya are ongoing. Further assessment on growth performance have shown that T. brownii is generally fast growing; can attain an increase in height of (~1.0 m) and DGL (3.0 cm) annually, with significance difference in growth within and between provenances and that the it can withstand many other growth challenges despite the harsh weather conditions. These findings suggest that T. brownii is a promising tree species in agroforestry systems and afforestation in drylands and that there exist genetic variability among the available provenances thus the need to involve more stakeholders in seedling production and to embark on...... Key words: T. brownii, Commercial tree, growth performance, drylands of Kenya ID: 3623166
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