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ArticleClimate change, forest restoration and payment for ecosystem services
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) is an innovative approach towards tackling climate change by using financial incentives to reduce emissions from deforestation and degradation. The paper deliberates upon PES approach to forest restoration and various contexts in which it has been applied. An important need is to be flexible and adapt to lessons learned and changing circumstances. PES can concomitantly benefit buyers and sellers and improve the resource base. Costa Rica pioneered PES by establishing a programme of payments. Its 1996 forestry law explicitly recognizes four forest ecosystem services: carbon fixation and sequestration, hydrological services, biodiversity protection, and scenic beauty. Through financial and legal mechanisms, beneficiaries of forest service compensate those who protect them. Indian judiciary instituted a compensatory afforestation mechanism. It collects funds from buyers to finance the restoration of forests and related ecological and aesthetic landscapes. This mechanism moved into implementation mode about 10 years ago with a corpus fund of over 2.2 billion US dollars and to release resources for forest restoration equal to the interest earned. Drawing upon case studies, the paper concludes that PES potential to concurrently support sustainable development and forest restoration depends upon governance system and design of payment schemes. Since climate change shall impact the capacity of forests to provide vital ecosystem services, the projected socio-economic consequences will be severe, more so for forest-dependent communities vulnerable to climate variability. PES strategies and schemes thus need to be designed to promote holistic and contextual approach to forest restoration, ecosystem services, human wellbeing and climate change adaptation andmitigation. Keywords: Climate, Ecosystems, Economics, Finance, Forests, PES ID: 3486186 -
ArticleAssessing the impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on the livelihoods of forest-dependent communities: A case study of communities in Oluwa forest reserve, Nigeria
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Though the COVID-19 pandemic is primarily a health crisis, it has a worldwide impact on the communities and economies. This impact has resulted in global socio-economic disruptions and diminished people’s livelihoods. Meanwhile, forests provide economical and livelihood support for many people around the world. For example, one-fifth of the global population depend on forest products for livelihoods and forty per cent of the extreme poor in rural areas live in and on forests. However, restrictions on physical activities as a measure to combat the pandemic also impacted forestry activities, which has put forest-based livelihoods at risk. Quantifying the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on forest-based livelihoods could help to better support and economically empowered people whose lives depend on the forests. Therefore, six communities were randomly selected in and around Oluwa forest reserve, Nigeria and a structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data from respondents using purposive sampling. The data collected was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics to understand the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the livelihoods of forest-dependent communities in Oluwa forest reserve in Nigeria. The findings from this study could be a valuable resource to rebound from the impact of the crisis. Additionally, this study could potentially strengthen the response to the pandemic and improve the resilience of forest-dependent communities. Keywords: COVID-19; communities; forest-dependents; forest reserve; Nigeria ID: 3623746 -
ArticleTree size diversity and carbon stock of Tectona grandis (Linn f.) standsin hilltop and valley-bottom of Omo forest reserve, Nigeria
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Competition for growth resources contributes to size hierarchy in tree populations. Competition hierarchy of trees is dependent on rate of growth and stages of stand development. However, competition hierarchy in tree population may not cause size symmetry in some stress habitats. Size structure and development of even- aged stand can be influenced by abiotic factors. The study investigated tree size structure and carbon stock of Tectona grandis stands in Valley-Bottom and Hilltop of Omo Forest Reserve. Ten-years-old Teak plantation was delineated into Hilltop and Valley-Bottom stands base on topography. Five (30m x 30m) sample plots were systematically demarcated in each of Hilltop and Valley-Bottom stands. Tree stems were enumerated and densities of both stands were estimated. Total height and diameter-at-breast height were measured using Spiegel Relaskop and Girth tape, respectively, and stem carbon was estimated. Inequality and diversity of stem size of both stands were evaluated. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive, correlation, regression analysis and t-test at α0.05. Stem density of Hilltop (1431.0 stems/ha) was higher than Valley-Bottom stands (1248.0 stems/ha). Mean stem diameter of Valley-Bottom were not significantly different from Hilltop stands. Coefficient of determination (R2 ) of Height-Diameter allometry for Valley-Bottom (0.59) was higher than Hilltop stands (0.45). Diameter distribution of Valley-Bottom and Hilltop expressed bimodality and unimodality, respectively. Inequality was higher in Hilltop than Valley-Bottom for diameter. The stems of Hilltop and Valley-Bottom stands contributed 49.68% and 50.32% of total stem carbon, respectively. Elevation affected the stem size hierarchy and carbon stock distribution of Valley-Bottom and Hilltop habitats. Stems of Valley-Bottom stand could be a good option for carbon sequestration in Omo Forest Reserve. Keywords: Competition hierarchy; Size symmetry; Elevation gradient; Tree height; Tree diameter ID: 3623266
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