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ArticleLand use and land cover changes and the link to land degradation, Ethiopia
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Accurate information on land use and land cover change (LULCC) is critical for understanding the causes of change and for developing effective policies and strategies to slow and reverse land degradation. In Ethiopia, the speed and scale of LULCC has been accelerated in the last 3–4 decades of the 21st century. The objectives of this study were to assess: (i) the extent of LULCC and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the link to land degradation; (ii) the causes of LULCC and implication for climate change adaptation. Satellite images analysis was used to detect the change in area and vegetation index, and farmers’ perception to see the magnitude of LULCC dynamics and causes of deforestation. Correlations were made between vegetation index with dry season rainfall and temperature. The analysis of confusion matrix of LULC classification showed 87% accuracy with Kappa coefficient of 0.84. In the period 1986–2016, agriculture and settlement areas have increased by 250% and 618%, respectively. On the other hand, forests and woodlands have decreased by 72% and 84%, respectively. These were also validated with the farmers’ quantification results with similar trends. Different causes have played roles in the dynamics of LULCC. The results showed that vegetation dynamics vary both spatially and temporally against precipitation and temperature. This study informs the need to focus on halting deforestation and development of alternative energy sources. It further helps to design future land management directions, landscape based adaptation and rehabilitation strategies to be considered by policy makers. Keywords: Adaptive and integrated management, Agriculture, Biodiversity, Climate change,landscape management ID: 3599543 -
DocumentRelationship between forest fragmentation patterns and deforestation: the case of the Brazilian Amazon
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon is the result of social, economic, and political pressures and its rates swing accordingly. Deforestation can lead to forest fragmentation, which may mask other negative impacts. Forest fragmentation classes resulting from a Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis (MSPA) help to establish the spatial distribution of a fragmented landscape. However, the behavior of these classes and their association with deforestation has been little studied. To address this issue, we proposed the analyses of the diversity of fragmentation classes as an indicator of forest fragmentation trajectory over time. We used Shannon's diversity index and MSPA on land-use changes and vegetation cover data to identify the evolution of fragmented forest classes for the period 1985 - 2018. The diversity of the classes was obtained for each year using TraMineR. This value was compared with the cumulated deforestation rate from 1988 to 2018. A correlation analysis was carried out to establish the relationship between diversity of fragmentation classes and deforestation. During the studied period, all but one class of fragmentation increased. Diversity increased over the years with a mean of 0.41 ± 0.07 (range 0.27 to 0.50), even during periods of reduced deforestation. The high correlation between cumulated deforestation and diversity (R^2 = 0.98), indicated the impact on the fragmentation patterns. Specific actions are needed to reduce forest fragmentation beyond those to curb Amazon deforestation. Keywords: Landscape management, Monitoring and data collection, Research ID: 3480574 -
DocumentHow Brazilian Tree Industry can help complying with climate change agenda linked to Sustainable Development Goals, Global Forest Goals and Brazilian NDC under Paris Agreement
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.The Brazilian Tree Industry (Ibá) is the association responsible for institutionally representing the planted tree production chain with its main stakeholders. Ibá represents 50 companies and 9 state entities for products originating from planted trees, most notably wood panels, laminate flooring, pulp, paper, charcoal steel industry and biomass, as well as independent producers and financial investors which together contribute with 7% of Brazil’s industrial Gross Domestic Product. The sector holds 9 million hectares of planted trees and 5.9 million hectares for conservation.
The Brazilian NDC aiming at reducing GHG emissions in 37%by 2025 and 43% by 2030. Such an ambitious goal will demand, according to the Government, the restoration of 12 million hectares of forest, achieve zero illegal deforestation in Amazonia, attain 45% of renewable energy and 18% of bioenergy and ensure compliance with the Forest Code.
This industry has a substantial contribution to several Global Forest Goals of UNFF and SDGs from Agenda 2030, in terms of adaptation and mitigation of climate change. Regardless the goal and governance related, both in national or international level, Brazilian planted-tree sector plays an important role and this paper aims to show how.
As a brief the sector is now monitoring dozens and reporting 17 KPIs on water management; 89% of the energy is renewable and 67% is produced in-house; 67% of paper is recycled, 4.48 billion tons of CO2e is stored in almost 15 million hectares of forests for commercial and conservation purposes. At steel industry, each ton of pig iron produced with charcoal coming from planted forest as a substitution from coal, avoids the issue of 1.8 ton CO2eq. At civil construction, the use of wood stocks 0.5 on of CO2e per square meter of construction, compared to the use of conventional materials. The carbon removed from atmosphere is fixed in the biomass that will become products and can store from 45% up to 85% of the mass products. Keywords: Climate change, Adaptive and integrated management, Economic Development ID: 3487149
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