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ArticleThe influence of over-mature, degraded Nothofagus forests with strong anthropic disturbance on the quality of an andisol and Its gradual recovery with silvopasture in southwestern South America
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.The increasing demand for timber and non-timber products from native forests in Chile and the cattle grazing has augmented the rate of degradation of these ecosystems. This process results in the need to know which of the dynamic variables are involved in its regulation. Soil quality indicators like soil organic carbon (SOC), soil microbial respiration (SMR), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), potential net N mineralization (N-min), and nitrification (N-NO), soil aggregates, and light fraction (LF), were evaluated at two different depths of the soil in Nothofagus obliqua (deciduous) and mixed N. dombeyi - N. obliqua (evergreen-deciduous) forests, where a 30- ha silvopastoral trial was established, after this evaluation, in early 2016. The SOC, SMR, MBC, N-min and N-NO were significantly higher in the N. obliqua forest than the mixed forest, 8%, 17%, 17%, 40%, 20%, respectively (p<0.05). The dry weight in soil fractions did not present differences between forest types. C and N contents in the LF (labile, un-decomposed organic matter of plant origin) were higher in the deciduous forest, 9% and 20%, respectively (p<0.05). Our results suggest that soil quality was favored by the quality of organic matter in the site dominated by deciduous species, which translates into more favorable conditions for the activity of microorganisms, nitrogen dynamic, and C and N content in the light faction. The intrinsic characteristics of the plant residues associated with higher rates of decomposition, can stimulate the activity of the biota and especially the soil microorganisms, which would lead to higher values of the different indicators evaluated. This novel silvopastoral system will likely help restore the most degraded sites through improvement of the soil quality. This kind of information allows obtaining knowledge of the forest areas and their sustainability, mainly for the planning of long-term, durable silvopastoral practices. Keywords: Forest degradation, Nothofagus obliqua, N. dombeyi, silvopastoral systems, Temperate Forest, Volcanic soil ID:3484562 -
ArticleNatural resource managers adapt to disturbance: Understanding and strengthening public land management and civic stewardship across both rural and urban forests during the COVID-19 pandemic
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.In addition to the devastating impacts on human health and the economy, COVID-19 is changing the way people interact with public lands such as forests, parks, and green spaces. Land managers have adapted practices in real-time to a changing reality. Establishing new field protocols, managing workforce capacity issues, responding to unprecedented demand, and reimagining the way the public is served through events and programs are some of the adaptations managers are making to ensure use and access to public lands. Many community-based partners have managed to adapt during this time of crisis to support public lands in cities, towns, and rural areas. These ‘green responders’ are known to be effective and adaptive across geographies and cultures; yet capacity to respond can be uneven and inequitable. To better understand what drives adaptation and ‘green response’ to disturbance, we pose the question: How do public land managers, civic environmental groups, and governance networks adapt to the COVID-19 disturbance in their environmental stewardship? Drawing upon semi-structured interviews (n=70) with USDA Forest Service managers in the northeastern United States, municipal park managers at the New York City Parks Department, and civic stewardship groups in New York City, we advance policy-relevant knowledge about networks and adaptation. We 1) identify the emergence of new groups, the transformation of partnerships, and the shifts in flows of information and resources across networks, and 2) share best practices and creative solutions during the pandemic. By documenting how natural resource managers responded to the first six months of the pandemic starting in March 2020, this study builds understanding of how adaptation can strengthen resilience to future disturbances. This work builds upon scholarship that has examined stewardship in the wake of acute and chronic disturbances including terrorism, hurricanes, wildfires, and pest invasions. Keywords: COVID-19; land management; civic stewardship; adaptation; partnerships ID: 3485900 -
ArticleAssessment of REDD+ MRV capacity in developing countries and implications under the Paris regime
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) recognized the importance of forests in combating climate change and agreed financial support for REDD+ activities in developing countries through the Warsaw REDD+ Framework (WRF). The REDD+ activities for conserving carbon stored in forests to reduce GHG emissions and to enhance the carbon sink function of forests are expected to serve as an important means of achieving the climatic goal. In this study, a set of criteria was devised to assess REDD+ Measuring, Reporting and Verifying (MRV) implementation capabilities of developing countries, which was applied to analyze REDD+ MRV levels in REDD+ countries. Based on Forest Reference Emission Level/ Forest Reference Level (FREL/FRL), National Strategy (NS), National Forest Monitoring System (NFMS) and Safeguard Information Summary (SIS) the countries have submitted, 36 REDD+ countries have submitted FREL/FRL only (Group I), while five countries fulfilled WRF requirements and registered REDD+ reduction results (Group II), and six received Result-based Payments (RBP) (Group III). From the highest to the lowest, overall MRV capability was also arranged in the order of Group III, II, and I, albeit Group I or Group II is at a higher level than the other groups in some elements. REDD+ countries in the Readiness Phase (Group I) would aim to have MRV capabilities of Groups II and III to receive RBP, and international support for REDD+ MRV capacity building can enable them to do. However, in addition to the receipt of RBP, REDD+ should be reflected in the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) as consistent reduction results at the national GHG inventory level, and the advancement of REDD+ MRV is expected to be the necessary and sufficient condition for REDD+ cooperation under the Paris Agreement cooperative approach framework. For the following groups, international cooperation is essential: countries in the Readiness Phase need to be supported with the establishment of a MRV framework, which will enable them to achieve REDD+ to receive RBP and be reflected in NDCs; for REDD+ countries that have thus far met WRF requirements, the REDD+ scope needs to be upscaled to national levels and the MRV system should be further advanced to establish a cooperative approach system that can achieve more ambitious reduction targets through forests. Keywords: Warsaw REDD+ Framework, MRV; deforestation; United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change; Nature based solution ID: 3623893
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