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ArticleAfter ten years of readiness, risks, and challenges ahead for implementation of REDD+ in Nepal
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.After a decade of readiness for REDD+, Nepal has signed the Emission Reduction Payment Agreement (ERPA) with the World Bank under the Carbon Fund of the Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF) in February 2021. After signing the agreement, Nepal has entered the implementation phase of the REDD+ and is one of the 15 REDD+ countries to do so until September 2021. When Government of Nepal, decided to participate in the REDD+ initiative in 2010, there was some confusion and reluctance among most of the other stakeholders. The situation slowly changed, and all stakeholders hoped that REDD+ would be beneficial for the country in many aspects. This resulted successful implementation of the 1st phase of readiness and approval of the 2nd phase readiness grant. Nepal’s Emission Reduction Program Document (ER-PD) for the 13 Terai Arc Landscape districts was approved by the Carbon Fund in June 2018. Seven interventions proposed in the ER-PD are being implemented formally for the Emission Reduction program since July 2021. This study critically analyzes the risks and challenges ahead for implementation of the REDD+ in Nepal. The study was based mostly on review of various legal instruments, capacity of government institutions and other stakeholders including indigenous people and local communities (IPLCs) and field level consultations. The study revealed that there are some risks for the REDD+ implementation in coming years. Conflicts between the federal and State governments on rights and authority to manage forest resources and likelihood of policy shift to the traditional management of forest resources instead of production oriented SFM practices envisioned by the ER-PD is a big risk. Private sector is not very enthusiastic to participate in the program as their concerns are not addressed. Furthermore, dominance by the forestry sector may hinder the prospect of active involvement of other sectors such as agriculture. There are also some technical challenges and benefit sharing may also be a very contentious. Keywords: Climate change, REDD+, Forest Carbon, Forest Governance; Benefit sharing ID: 3485323 -
ArticleAssessing tree succession, species diversity and carbon sequestration potentials in off-reserve secondary forests for REDD+ implementation in Ghana
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Ghana is losing its primary forest, mostly forest reserves at an alarming rate. Secondary forests play a vital role in tropical landscapes, but few studies exist to assess their regeneration pathways and carbon sequestration in Ghana. We sought to find out the regeneration potentials, species diversity and carbon stocks accumulation of off-reserve secondary forests in the Moist Semi-deciduous and Dry Semi-deciduous zones. Four age classes were studied; 0-5, 6-10, 11-15 and 15+ years. Four plots with three replications were used for each age class. Nested plots were chosen; 33 m x 33 m for trees (dbh≥ 5 cm) 10 m x 10 m for saplings (≥1m tall and dbh <5cm) and 2 m x 2 m for seedlings. Age had significant differences in tree (dbh≥ 5 cm) density and basal area between the sites but not on sapling and seedling densities. A total of 129 tree species with dbh ≥5cm belonging to 95 genera and 40 families were identified. Mean Shannon-Weiner diversity index of trees (dbh ≥ 5cm) was 3.6±0.2 and 3.3±0.3 for the Moist Semi-deciduous and Dry Semi-deciduous zones respectively. Both age and forest site had significant effect on aboveground carbon accumulation with age of forest having more significance than climatic conditions. Age of a secondary forest has more effect on the species composition than climate. The secondary forest depicts the characteristic of young growth where the tree densities of most trees are confined to dbh= 5- 10cm in both zones and the potential of rapid recovery of species and carbon accumulation represents an important source of timber and carbon sink. The strong presence of regeneration portrays the potential for carbon sequestration under Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+) if secondary forests are managed well in Ghana. Collaborative management of secondary forests with farmers and good forest polices can help Ghana achieve benefits such as timber, woodfuel, and carbon to participate in REDD+. Keywords: [Deforestation and forest degradation, REDD+, secondary forest, Climate change, Landscape management]\ ID: 3617260 -
ArticleAssessment of REDD+ MRV capacity in developing countries and implications under the Paris regime
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) recognized the importance of forests in combating climate change and agreed financial support for REDD+ activities in developing countries through the Warsaw REDD+ Framework (WRF). The REDD+ activities for conserving carbon stored in forests to reduce GHG emissions and to enhance the carbon sink function of forests are expected to serve as an important means of achieving the climatic goal. In this study, a set of criteria was devised to assess REDD+ Measuring, Reporting and Verifying (MRV) implementation capabilities of developing countries, which was applied to analyze REDD+ MRV levels in REDD+ countries. Based on Forest Reference Emission Level/ Forest Reference Level (FREL/FRL), National Strategy (NS), National Forest Monitoring System (NFMS) and Safeguard Information Summary (SIS) the countries have submitted, 36 REDD+ countries have submitted FREL/FRL only (Group I), while five countries fulfilled WRF requirements and registered REDD+ reduction results (Group II), and six received Result-based Payments (RBP) (Group III). From the highest to the lowest, overall MRV capability was also arranged in the order of Group III, II, and I, albeit Group I or Group II is at a higher level than the other groups in some elements. REDD+ countries in the Readiness Phase (Group I) would aim to have MRV capabilities of Groups II and III to receive RBP, and international support for REDD+ MRV capacity building can enable them to do. However, in addition to the receipt of RBP, REDD+ should be reflected in the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) as consistent reduction results at the national GHG inventory level, and the advancement of REDD+ MRV is expected to be the necessary and sufficient condition for REDD+ cooperation under the Paris Agreement cooperative approach framework. For the following groups, international cooperation is essential: countries in the Readiness Phase need to be supported with the establishment of a MRV framework, which will enable them to achieve REDD+ to receive RBP and be reflected in NDCs; for REDD+ countries that have thus far met WRF requirements, the REDD+ scope needs to be upscaled to national levels and the MRV system should be further advanced to establish a cooperative approach system that can achieve more ambitious reduction targets through forests. Keywords: Warsaw REDD+ Framework, MRV; deforestation; United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change; Nature based solution ID: 3623893
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