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ArticleThe making of resource frontier spaces in the Congo Basin and Southeast Asia: A critical analysis of narratives, actors and drivers in the scientific literature
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Forest frontiers are rapidly changing to production of commodity agriculture throughout the tropics, with far-reaching transformations in landscapes and livelihoods. Diverse land uses in frontiers – often mixed swidden cultivation systems and forest mosaics under forms of customary tenure –generate multiple ecosystem services, support local societies, and are being lost with increasingly high costs. Many of the dynamics that drive frontier commoditization are well-rehearsed. Policies to deregulate markets, privatize land tenure, improve connectivity and open borders to trade have stimulated resource exploitation. The accompanying territorial interventions such as new enclosures, property regimes and claims are purposefully employed to create space and labor, and have radically reconfigured the relationships of millions of people to land and rule. Within these politico-economic landscapes, local people navigate and execute agency to pursue their own development aspirations. Narratives of what is an opportunity for whom, who should benefit from these spaces, and what is a problem in need for a solution have shaped these policies and practices over time. They are also employed to legitimize development choices in frontiers. Science plays a critical role in these processes, by putting forward (and discarding) particular knowledge and understandings, contributing to problematisations and suggesting new solutions. In this paper, we ask how science has portrayed forest frontiers in the Congo Basin and Southeast Asia over time. Specifically, we analyse the storylines put forward in the scientific literature and how these have contributed to the creation of spaces for resource frontiers of the colonial and post-colonial state. Which actors have what roles in the frontiers, and how are processes of territorialization justified or challenged? This analysis allows for a deeper understanding of how commodification of frontiers came about, and what role science plays within. Keywords: Forest frontiers, narratives, territorialization, Congo Basin, Southeast Asia ID: 3488085 -
ArticlePost-fire regeneration of the critically endangered Nothofagus alessandrii Espinosa in the Maule region of central Chile
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.The ruil (Nothofagus alessandrii Espinosa) forest is one of the most endangered forest ecosystems in central Chile whose regeneration is critically threatened. In this study, we sampled 36 plots (625 m2 each) in the distribution range of N. alessandrii and quantified regeneration of the species from seed after a catastrophic large-scale fire event occurred in 2017. By means of logistic regression and contingency tables, we related ruil’s seedling regeneration with vegetative cover, number of ruil individuals, richness of native species, density of Pinus radiata D. Don seedlings, and fire severity. Results indicate that fire severity was the most important variable explaining the probability of regeneration of N. alessandrii. Seedling recruitment was high in sites with low fire severity, but the opposite was true for sites severely burned by fire. Our results suggests that after a severe fire the restoration efforts of N. alessandrii should be concentrated on reforestation activities, but in low burned areas, efforts must be focused on the management and protection of the new recruits. Keywords: Ruil, fire severity, seedling regeneration, endangered species recovery ID: 3624046 -
ArticleThe agroforestry practices in SAARC countries: A critical review
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Agroforestry, a land use practice that integrates tree and agriculture crops in a given space and time, is a prominent land-use practices in South Asia region. In addition to trees and agriculture component, agroforestry accommodates livestock and non-timber forest products and therefore enhances people’s livelihood at the local level. It has also been claimed that agroforestry practices minimise the effect of climate change, conserve soil and water, sequester atmospheric carbon and provides various ecosystem services. But as concrete evidences are rather scarce. In order to examine the benefits and service functions of agroforestry (production, protection, regulatory and other ecosystem services), a critical review of existing agroforestry related policy and provision from the region was carried out. The review suggests that almost all SAARC countries practice agroforestry as one of the options for immediate use of forestry products while generating additional household income. However, the evidences of intangible agroforestry functions such as regulatory, protection and other ecosystem services aren't duly acknowledged. There are now legal provisions for taking up agroforestry practices. The review suggests that small land holdings (< 0.5 hectares) among the farmers is one of the most hindering factor in developing large scale agroforestry practices in the region. Scale of products obtained from agroforestry practices are not large and are not adequate enough to make desired income. Yet the future of agroforestry in most SAARC countries is bright because of increasing awareness towards agroforestry and its multiple uses including trend of utilizing the tree species for small scale enterprises, and for industrial and commercial use. Keywords: Agroforestry, ecosystem services, SAARC countries, sustainable development goals ID: 3476527
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