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Book (stand-alone)JORDAN - Land Cover Atlas 2019
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No results found.The Jordanian Land Cover Database and Atlas were developed under the Regional Food Security Analysis Network (RFSAN) project. The main objective of the project is to increase and improve provision of goods and services from agriculture, forestry and fisheries in a sustainable manner as well as to increase the understanding of the bio-physical conditions of land in Jordan. The Land Cover Atlas of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan provides information on the land cover distribution by sub-national administrative boundaries (governorates and districts) provided by the Royal Geographic Centre (RJGC). The Land Cover Database is compliant with the ISO\FAO standard (ISO 19144-2:2012) based on the land cover classification system (LCCS): Land Cover Meta Language (LCML). LCML was implemented to support the standardization and integration of a national land cover classification system across the world. It provides a set of standard diagnostic attributes that are independent of the scale of interpretation. Its use advocates for a more transparent and comparable way of reporting land cover information. The LCML land cover legend was designed with the software LCCSv3. The main data source includes multispectral Sentinel-2 imagery at 10 m of spatial resolution acquired from April to November 2016 and ancillary georeferenced data (land cover and land use map, vegetation cover, soil map) obtained from different institutions. Sentinel-2 imagery were pre-processed and mosaicked to provide a temporal sequence of free-cloud, calibrated images. Then, an Object-Based Image Analysis workflow was applied to segment the images into homogeneous polygons, that were interpreted according to their spectral, texture and shape characteristics supported by vegetation indices and ancillary datasets. Post-processing finally removed incoherent classifications, clipping and dissolving polygons to official boundaries. The final database comprises 1 million polygons classified according to the LCCS Legend distinguished into 34 classes (23 aggregated classes). The statistical analysis of land cover aggregated class distribution is organized into two sections: • National Land Cover Data Base (LCDB). • LCDB by governorates. This work represents a substantial contribution to understanding land cover and land processes in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and provides valuable baseline data to further monitor land changes in the future. -
BookletTechnological innovation driving transparent forest monitoring and reporting for climate action 2024
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No results found.This paper reviews how countries are benefiting from technical innovations in their monitoring and reporting of forest-related emissions and removals to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).Forests play an important role in climate action. They are often mentioned in nationally determined contributions (NDCs) with targets conditional on international climate finance. Despite countries reporting forest-related emission reductions (ERs) of 14.0 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2e) to the UNFCCC, results-based finance for ERs has been limited. Nonetheless, more robust estimation methods have increasingly enabled accessing new sources of climate finance, including from the private sector. As such, technological solutions and capacity development for ER reporting can act as an engine that enables better resource management and improved access to climate finance.There has been enormous technological progress over the last decade, allowing increasingly robust forest dynamic assessments. Recent UNFCCC reference level submissions reveal an increased use of satellite imagery with higher spatial and temporal resolution: initial submissions relied entirely on Landsat imagery; after 2022, 100 percent used Sentinel and 50 percent used Planet imagery. Open source solutions are widely used by countries: 89 percent of countries reporting a reference level to the UNFCCC have used Open Foris, a set of free and open source solutions and platforms developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) for accessing and analysing data. Improvements in forest monitoring are crucial to better understand forests’ contribution to climate change mitigation and unlock climate finance. -
Book (stand-alone)FRA 2000 - Comparison of forest area and forest area change estimates derived from FRA 1990 and FRA 2000 2000
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No results found.The working paper compares the 1990 net forest areas and the figures for net annual forest area change derived from FRA 1990 and FRA 2000. The total 1990 forest area registered by FRA 2000 was found to be 521 million ha or 15.1% larger than the corresponding figure from FRA 1990. This difference owes primarily to change of definitions of forest between the assessments (in particular the lowering of the threshold value for crown density in the industrialized countries from 20 to 10%). The change of forest definitions had the largest impact on the reported forest areas for Australia and the Former USSR. Due to the above, a larger forest area was studied in FRA 2000 compared to FRA 1990. Despite that, the net annual forest area change during the 1990's reported for FRA 2000 was - 9.4 million ha, representing a positive development from the FRA 1990 estimate of - 13.1 million ha during the 1980's. The rate of net forest area loss as reported by FRA has thereby decreased by 3.7 million ha f rom the 1980's to the 1990s. If the FRA 1990 definitions are applied to the data for the 1990s, the slowing net deforestation trend at the global level is further enhanced.
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