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Economic inclusion and social protection to reduce poverty

Addressing gender inequalities to mitigate the economic and social impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in rural areas














FAO. 2020. ​Economic inclusion and social protection to reduce poverty: Addressing gender inequalities to mitigate the economic and social impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in rural areas. FAO COVID-19 Response and Recovery Programme: Europe and Central Asia. Budapest.



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    The COVID-19 outbreak is having a severe socio-economic impact on countries across Europe and Central Asia. Economic activity, private consumption and investment have slumped, jeopardizing the livelihoods of many, particularly those in poor rural areas. Even before the pandemic, the low profitability and instability of agriculture-based employment, coupled with a more general lack of income-generating opportunities, had been prompting rural populations to adopt various coping strategies, from multiple informal jobs and child labour to domestic and cross-border migration.
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    The COVID-19 pandemic poses significant challenges to already strained rural areas, where most of the world’s food-insecure and poor people live. It is exacerbating complex, long-term crises caused by economic downturn, extreme weather events and the generally low profitability of small-scale family farming. Its implications are making it more challenging to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in this context.
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    The COVID-19 pandemic is, directly and indirectly, impacting health and well-being around the globe. Illness and containment measures are compounding the social and economic disadvantages of the most vulnerable in society. These social and economic impacts stand to cause devastating setbacks to efforts to achieve the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Pervasive inequalities between rural and urban inhabitants, rich and poor, women and men will exacerbate these effects. People in areas impacted by severe climate change, conflict, forced displacement, and migration will be even more vulnerable. Vulnerable groups include rural women, youth and children, indigenous people, the elderly, and people with disabilities. The COVID-19 pandemic has also significantly affected migrants, including refugees and internally displaced people, casual labourers and seasonal migrants, all of whom are exposed to high risk of infection. Economic recovery programmes that do not address these inequalities and place emphasis on pro-poor recovery plans run the risk of reinforcing inequalities in the future. Social protection will be expanded to better reach women, children, informal workers, migrants, and other underserved groups. Integrate rural areas into risk-informed and shock-responsive social-protection components, linked with early warning, conflict-sensitive programming, and climate adaptation.

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