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Greenhouse gas emissions from agrifood systems

Global, regional and country trends, 2000–2020











FAO. 2022. Greenhouse gas emissions from agri-food systems – Global, regional and country trends, 2000–2020. FAOSTAT Analytical Brief No. 50. Rome.


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    Greenhouse gas emissions from agrifood systems
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    Agrifood systems account for about one-third of total anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. They are generated within the farm gate, from crop and livestock production activities; by land-use change, caused by deforestation, biomass fires and peatland degradation processes often linked to land clearance for agriculture; and in pre- and post-production processes, comprising the supply chain including food manufacturing, retail, household consumption and food disposal. According to the latest data, global agrifood systems emissions reached 16.2 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (Gt CO2eq) in 2022, virtually unchanged from 2021, and representing an increase of 10 percent since 2000.
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    Cropland nutrient budget
    Global, regional and country trends, 1961–2020
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    The FAOSTAT domain “Cropland Nutrient Budget” disseminates nutrient flows in a given country and year. The Cropland nutrient budget can give an indication of nutrient use efficiency, as it can help quantify excess nitrogen leading to environmental risks, for instance, GHG emissions or pollution from volatilization and leaching/runoff. It can also signal cropland nutrient deficits that limit crop production. The FAO 2022 update of the cropland nutrient budget is a joint effort with the International Fertilizer Association (IFA) in collaboration with University of Maryland, Swedish Agricultural University, University of Madrid, Wageningen University, University of Nebraska and the African Plant Nutrition Institute. This brief analyzes global, regional and country trends for the period 1961–2020.
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    Agrifood systems and land-related emissions
    Global, regional and country trends, 2001–2021
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    Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agrifood systems are generated within the farm gate, by crop and livestock production activities; by land-use change, for instance deforestation and peatland drainage to make room for agriculture; and in pre- and post-production processes, such as food manufacturing, transport, retail, household consumption and food waste disposal. This analytical brief provides an update to the year 2021 of all agrifood systems emissions and indicators. At the same time, it offers a more detailed focus on land-use change emissions, considering that emissions within the farm gate and pre- and post-production processes were discussed in detail previously.

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