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No Thumbnail AvailableBook (stand-alone)Proceedings
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No Thumbnail AvailableBook (stand-alone)Technical studySolar energy in small-scale milk collection and processing 1983
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No results found.In most developing countries nutrition of the human population is a problem of great concern. In many cases it is a problem which is becoming more difficult because populations are increasing for various social and medical reasons. Milk is fundamental in human nutrition. It is the neonatal food of all mammal species and man is fortunate in that the milk of many domesticated animals can be used as an important part of his diet throughout life. Milk is a perishable foodstuff because it is an exc ellent medium for the growth of microorganisms which cause spoilage. This can be countered by various conservation processes, some traditional, and some developed by modern technology. Even at a very modest scale of operations these processes need energy. Energy from conventional sources is becoming increasingly expensive, adding to the difficulty of promoting milk collection and processing projects in developing countries. Such countries, however, usually have a wealth of solar energy which is free and inexhaustible. The cost of such energy is that required only for the apparatus necessary to collect and transform it. This book explores the possibilities of applying solar energy to small-scale milk projects. It suggests simple processing technologies which will readily be understood by those who may have social or administrative responsibilities for the well-being of a less affluent population. It also outlines the problems of harnessing solar energy and provides the necessary backg round information for those expert in this field. These problems are such that the schemes suggested must be limited to a maximum of 1 600 litres per day and thus would be applicable primarily to village communities. It is probable that this is the scale where new effort is needed and can be of the greatest benefit to the country concerned. It is hoped that this publication will interest those concerned with promoting milk production, collection and processing schemes in developing countries a nd that the information presented will help in establishing pilot development projects, possibly with external financial and technical assistance. -
Book (stand-alone)Technical bookMilk Testing and Payment Systems
Resource Book a practical guide to assist milk producer groups
2009Also available in:
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DocumentBulletinNon-wood news
An information bulletin on Non-Wood Forest Products
2007Also available in:
No results found.Behind the new-look Non-Wood News is the usual wealth of information from the world of NWFPs. The Special Features section covers two different aspects of NWFPs: a specific product (bamboo) and a developing market (cosmetics and beauty care). Bamboo is versatile: it can be transformed, for example, into textiles, charcoal, vinegar, green plastic or paper and can also be used as a food source, a deodorant, an innovative building material and to fuel power stations. Reports indicate that natural c osmetics and beauty care are a huge global market, with forecasts indicating an annual growth of 9 percent through 2008. The Special Feature on Forest cosmetics: NWFP use in the beauty industry builds on this and includes information industry interest and marketing strategies (consumers are being drawn to natural products and thus their content is emphasized). As can be seen from the articles on shea butter in Africa and thanakha in Myanmar, many societies have always used and benefited from nat ural cosmetics. This issue includes other examples of traditional knowledge, such as the uses of the secretions of a poisonous tree frog in Brazil and the use by the traditional healers in India of allelopathic knowledge. -
Book (stand-alone)Technical studyPRIVATE STANDARDS IN THE UNITED STATES AND EUROPEAN UNION MARKETS FOR FRUIT AND VEGETABLES
Implications for developing countries
2007Also available in:
No results found.Over the past 20 years the number of standards and certification programmes for agricultural production has grown rapidly. Producers who want to export are confronted not only by a plethora of import regulations, but also within import countries by different niche markets for which specific requirements have to be fulfilled. While the adoption of voluntary standards may grant export opportunities to farmers, they can also be considered barriers to entry for those who cannot apply them either because they are too onerous or because of the lack of knowledge about their requirements. In fact, some producers and exporters increasingly regard private standards as non‑tariff barriers to trade. New and more stringent standards are being developed year after year, and there is an urgent need to determine today, and in the future, the extent to which these govern world trade. This report gives an overview of standards and certification programmes relevant for fruit and v egetable producers and exporters in developing countries with a focus on the markets of the United States and the European Union. In addition, it gives an overview of current analytical work on standards and trade, reviews major assistance programmes related to standards and provides recommendations for further research. -
Book (stand-alone)Technical studyAppropriate food packaging solutions for developing countries 2014The study was undertaken to serve as a basis for the international congress Save Food!, taking place from 16 to 17 May 2011, at the international packaging industry fair Interpack2011 in Düsseldorf, Germany. Save Food! has been co organized by Interpack2011 and FAO, aiming to raise awareness on global food losses and waste. In addition, Save Food! brings to the attention of the international packaging industry the constraints faced by the small- and medium-scale food processing industries in dev eloping countries to obtain access to adequate packaging materials which are economically feasible. This revised edition, dated 2014, contains a new section on investment opportunities in developing countries (paragraph 3.7).