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Book (series)GuidelineDeveloping an emergency vaccination plan for foot-and-mouth disease in free countries 2022
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No results found.This guide is intended to be used by veterinary contingency planners in foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) free countries. The concepts presented can also be adapted to other animal health threats. The guide provides recommendations for the structure and content of an emergency vaccination plan, once the decision to vaccinate has been made, and the vaccination strategy has been decided.It does not include any consideration of the decision-making process on if, when and how to proceed with vaccination. The plan should be adapted to the context and requirements of the country. The guide has been drafted based on the outcome of two European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (EuFMD) workshops on “Putting vaccination into Practice” held in Grange, Ireland from 13 to 16 March 2017, and in Malaga, Spain from 19 to 22 March 2019. The workshops identified the key elements required for the development of an emergency vaccination implementation plan. Further information has been included to extend the guide to all aspects of an emergency vaccination plan. -
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Book (stand-alone)Technical bookRisk of foot-and-mouth disease SAT2 introduction and spread in countries in the Near East and West Eurasia
FAO Qualitative Risk Assessment, October 2023
2023Also available in:
No results found.Following the detection of foot-and-mouth disease serotype SAT2 (FMD SAT2) in West Eurasia and the Near East in February 2023, a qualitative risk assessment was conducted. Serotype SAT2 usually circulates only in Africa, and so most animals in the region are fully susceptible to infection by this virus. The likelihood of spread of the FMD SAT2 to unaffected countries via key risk pathways and the potential consequences of the FMD SAT2 incursion in the region were described and assessed.Plausible pathways for the introduction of FMD SAT2 were identified for most countries. Informal movements of live animals and common grazing are the pathways of greatest concern because direct live animal contact is a very effective mode of FMD transmission, especially in the absence of sanitary measures. The large increase of animal movements associated with festivals such as Eid al-Adha, as well as seasonal grazing movements, increase the probability of FMD spread. An incursion of FMD SAT2 would result in a substantial negative impact, with the production losses and cost of control measures estimated at USD 3.6–6.5 billion, depending on the extent of spread within the region. Outbreaks of FMD also have a negative impact on food and nutrition security, economy, labour markets, and the livelihoods of most vulnerable people.To mitigate the risks of FMD SAT2, all countries should have an emergency response plan for FMD that is realistic for the country and supported with adequate resources for implementation. A comprehensive list of preventive measures, including strengthened biosecurity and vaccination, is available in this document.
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DocumentOther documentRISK Assessment Plan for control of foot-and-mouth disease (RAP-FMD)
2020 Version
2020Also available in:
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BookletCorporate general interestEmissions due to agriculture
Global, regional and country trends 2000–2018
2021Also available in:
No results found.The FAOSTAT emissions database is composed of several data domains covering the categories of the IPCC Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector of the national GHG inventory. Energy use in agriculture is additionally included as relevant to emissions from agriculture as an economic production sector under the ISIC A statistical classification, though recognizing that, in terms of IPCC, they are instead part of the Energy sector of the national GHG inventory. FAO emissions estimates are available over the period 1961–2018 for agriculture production processes from crop and livestock activities. Land use emissions and removals are generally available only for the period 1990–2019. This analytical brief focuses on overall trends over the period 2000–2018. -
Book (series)FlagshipThe State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021
Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all
2021In recent years, several major drivers have put the world off track to ending world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. The challenges have grown with the COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. This report presents the first global assessment of food insecurity and malnutrition for 2020 and offers some indication of what hunger might look like by 2030 in a scenario further complicated by the enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also includes new estimates of the cost and affordability of healthy diets, which provide an important link between the food security and nutrition indicators and the analysis of their trends. Altogether, the report highlights the need for a deeper reflection on how to better address the global food security and nutrition situation.To understand how hunger and malnutrition have reached these critical levels, this report draws on the analyses of the past four editions, which have produced a vast, evidence-based body of knowledge of the major drivers behind the recent changes in food security and nutrition. These drivers, which are increasing in frequency and intensity, include conflicts, climate variability and extremes, and economic slowdowns and downturns – all exacerbated by the underlying causes of poverty and very high and persistent levels of inequality. In addition, millions of people around the world suffer from food insecurity and different forms of malnutrition because they cannot afford the cost of healthy diets. From a synthesized understanding of this knowledge, updates and additional analyses are generated to create a holistic view of the combined effects of these drivers, both on each other and on food systems, and how they negatively affect food security and nutrition around the world.In turn, the evidence informs an in-depth look at how to move from silo solutions to integrated food systems solutions. In this regard, the report proposes transformative pathways that specifically address the challenges posed by the major drivers, also highlighting the types of policy and investment portfolios required to transform food systems for food security, improved nutrition, and affordable healthy diets for all. The report observes that, while the pandemic has caused major setbacks, there is much to be learned from the vulnerabilities and inequalities it has laid bare. If taken to heart, these new insights and wisdom can help get the world back on track towards the goal of ending hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition in all its forms.