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Developing an emergency vaccination plan for foot-and-mouth disease in free countries












FAO. 2022. Developing an emergency vaccination plan for foot-and-mouth disease in free countries. FAO Animal Production and Health Guidelines, No. 30. Rome. 



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    Foot and mouth disease vaccination and post-vaccination monitoring 2016
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    Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) control and/or eradication efforts have been in existence for many years in different regions, supported by an official OIE system for recognition of national control programmes and of country status to manage the trade risks for FMD reintroduction. A global FMD control strategy was announced by FAO and OIE in 2012, incorporating a progressive control pathway for FMD (PCP-FMD) that elaborates principles for the application of control measures in a step-wise manner. T he OIE Performance of Veterinary Services tool helps countries to monitor the structures essential for programme implementation.Vaccination is an important component of programmes that seek to reduce the impacts of FMD and to block circulation of the causative virus in order to establish and maintain disease freedom. Choosing and successfully implementing the appropriate vaccine and vaccination regimens are affected by many dynamic factors, including (1) the diversity of the viruses to be contro lled; (2) the performance characteristics and instability of vaccines; (2) the range of susceptible animal species and husbandry systems; (3) the purposes of vaccination; (4) the short-lived nature of vaccine induced immunity; and (5) the design and application of vaccination programmes. Furthermore, vaccination is unlikely to succeed unless supported by other complementary control measures. Therefore, the entire process of vaccine selection and vaccination must be continuously monitored and eva luated to ensure that it fulfils its objectives and contributes to a sustainable control of FMD. This document is intended to help guide this process. Since the variable and changing circumstances of FMD control require different approaches, the guidance is not prescriptive. Instead, it reviews the options available for vaccine selection and vaccination strategies and presents methodology to check that a potential vaccine is able to provide a protective immune response and that the implemented v accination programme has translated this into a protective level of population immunity.
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    Booklet
    Planning risk communication on foot-and-mouth disease
    Guide
    2021
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    These guidelines are intended to be used by veterinary risk managers who are responsible for risk communication planning. They may also be of use to communication experts who are responsible for animal health risk communication planning. The purpose of these guidelines is to provide risk managers and communicators with a methodology for developing effective Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) risk communication strategies. The concepts presented can also be adapted to risk communication on other animal health threats. The document is based on the Emotional, Participatory, Imperfect and Continuous (EPIC) approach to risk communication developed by Cortney Price and adapted to animal health risk management by the author in collaboration with FAO staff. These guidelines gives FMD-specific examples, which formed the outcome of two EuFMD Workshops on “Managing a Crisis” which took place in Budapest, Hungary from 13 to 16 September 2016 and Kaunas, Lithuania from 19 to 22 March 2018.
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    The European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Workplans – Phase V Second biennium 2021–2023
    A Europe secure from the threat of foot-and-mouth disease and similar transboundary animal diseases
    2021
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    Foot-and-mouth Disease (FMD) remains the first transboundary animal disease (TAD) threat to European livestock production. A single introduction usually has extremely serious, and frequently catastrophic, impacts. The European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (EuFMD), under a framework of co-ordination with EC (DG-SANTE), FAO and OIE, as played a significant role in reducing the risk and ensuring better preparedness. Partly as a result of this, the EU has not had, for the first time in its history, an outbreak of FMD case for the past ten years. In this time the EuFMD has established an internationally respected capacity for efficient delivery of training and in-country support to FMD Progressive Control Programmes, and most recently, in modelling of FMD control measures to guide emergency planning. The HOLD-FAST strategy continues the focus upon FMD risk reduction but extends the scope of the preparedness and risk reduction activities to similar TADs which pose an immediate threat to the Member Nations (hereafter FAST is used for FMD and similar TADs).

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