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Preliminary studies on the effect of livestock manure application on bacterial fish disease and human hygiene

Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia

Year of publication 1988

Pages p. 12

Author Din Jie-yi, Guo Xianzhen Fang Xiu-zhen, Liu Mei-zhen, Zhang Wen-you;Fisheries and Aquaculture Management Division

Product type Project

Edition 1

Synopsis (short abstract) An investigation on the effect of application of livestock manure, the biomass of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria and Colicin population and distribution of Aeromonas, Pseudomonas and pathogenic bacteria of the human digestive tract which are also present in the body mucus of black carp, grass carp, silver carp and bighead carp as well as in pond water (on the application of manure of chicken, duck, cow and pig) was conducted in the fish farming areas in Wuxi, China. The results show less frequen cy of fish pathogenic bacteria in the four kinds of manure. Aeromonas and Pseudomonas population were, however, higher in the manured pond water than in the non-manured pond. Although there was less amount of fish pathogenic bacteria in the animal manure, body mucus of black carp and grass carp which well in the pond bottom and mid-level can cause the occurrence of Pseudomonas, is one of the pathogens of Stigamatosis, due to the decomposition manure in the pond bottom. With the exception of chic ken manure in which there was Group E Salmonella, no other pathogenic bacteria was found in the manure of duck, cow and pig. None was found either on the fish body nor in the fish viscera in the manure-applied fish pond. Bacteria were pathogenic. The fish cultured in the manure-applied pond were descaled and washed, the quantity of Colicin was reduced by 100–1000 times, the concentration of which was almost the same as that in the manure-free pond. MPN was less or equal to 40***(*** MPN.--- The most Probable number of Colicin within sq. sm of fish body. Results indicated that the fish cultured in manure-applied ponds after treatment by washing are hygienic as human food and not harmful to human health.

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    Although China has a long history of utilizing animal manure for fish farming, little is known about its effect on environmental sanitation. It is well known that animal manure fertilizes pond water and helps increase fish production. However, it may give rise to pathogenic microorganisms and parasites and cause water pollution. It has been observed that the use of animal manure increases the possibility of transfer of the parasites of pathegenes to humans. Studies have been undertaken to observ e the relationship between fish-livestock farming system and the health of human beings in the Philippines and the United States, but little is known about the effects of animal manure on bacterial diseases in fish. Freshwater fish in China suffer most commonly from bacterial diseases such as Albinoderma, Erythroderma, Furunculosis, Stigtomatosis and verticle-scale disease, caused by Aeromonas and Psecudomonas. This study deals deals mainly with the possible effect of manure application : on bac terial diseases of fish particularly caused by Aeromonas sp. and Pseudomonas sp. Also observations were made on the occurrence of these bacteria in the manure, in pond water and in fish skin mucus.
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    Preliminary studies on the effects of fresh and fermented pig manure on fish production
    Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia
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    The growth of several cultivated fishes of Cyprinidae was studied using cognate fresh and fermented pig manure and the equivalent fertilizers N and P as sole inputs to different experimental groups of fish ponds. Experiment I was conducted from June to October 1986, experiment II from March to October 1987. The proportions of fish production from chemical-fertilized ponds (C), fermented pig manured ponds (F1), and fresh pig manured ponds (F2) were 100:156:226 and 100:294:382 respectively. The ratio of fish production of F1 ponds to F2 ponds was 100 to 145 in experiment I and 100 to 130 in experiment II, respectively.The chlorophyl content, zooplankton biomass, bacterial activity and BOD were lower in the C ponds than in the F1 and F2 ponds, while the DO concentration was higher. There was little difference in the concentration of NH4-N and PO4-P among the experimental ponds. The physico-chemical parameters in the F1 and F2 ponds were not always in conformity with the fish production. Some parameters were contradictory in these two experiments. In the experiment I, the content of NH4-N in the F1 ponds was lower than that in the F2 ponds, and the content of chlorophyl and the biomass of zooplankton in the F1 ponds were greater than those in the F2 ponds. In contrast, in experiment II all these three parameters were reversed in the F1 and F2 ponds. These results indicate that part of the fish production in the C ponds came from the natural planktonic food chain, while in the F1 and F2 ponds, much of the production was derived from the manure detritus as well as from the planktonic food chain. The nutrient value of fermented pig manure is probably less than that of fresh manure because of bacterial decomposition during fermentation. There is a complicated relationship among various physico-chemical factors after manure application in the F1 and F2 ponds.
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