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Book (stand-alone)Technical bookThe COVID-19 consequences on child labour in agrifood systems
Analytical paper
2022This paper provides insights and evidence on how the COVID-19 pandemic and related policy responses to curb its spread influence the risk of child labour in agriculture through different pathways. It draws on case studies from seven countries covering different production systems: Côte d’Ivoire (cocoa), Ethiopia (cattle keeping and farming), (Lebanon (horticulture and greenhouse farms), the Philippines (municipal fisheries), and Viet Nam (crop farming, livestock, and citrus fruit chains). Based on these evidence, the document provides concluding reflections and recommendations on priority areas regarding knowledge generation and data collection, policy responses (social protection, education), and household- and community-level responses. -
Book (stand-alone)Technical studyAgricultural mechanization and child labour in developing countries
Background study
2022Also available in:
No results found.The FAO-IFPRI study, focuses on the use of tractors because they are among the most versatile farm mechanization tools and are universal power sources for all other driven implements and equipment in agriculture, with significant potential to replace animal draught power and human power, including children’s muscle power. Tractor use is typically also the first type of machine-powered equipment in use at lower levels of agricultural development, the context where most child labour is found. Mechanization is mostly assumed to reduce child labour, as it is expected to be labour saving in general. Yet, this is not always the case, as it has also been observed that the use of tractors and other machinery could increase children’s engagement in farm activities. This may be the case if, for instance, their use allows farms to cultivate larger areas, or if it leads to shifting chores of work from hired labor to family workers, e.g. for weeding edges of farmland not reachable by machinery. Evidence has been scant thus far, but the few available studies have mostly lent greater support to the hypothesis that mechanization reduces children’s productive engagement. Most available studies have focused on specific cases and based on scant data. The new FAO-IFPRI study provides a rigorous quantitative assessment for seven developing countries in Asia (India, Nepal and Viet Nam) and sub-Saharan Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Nigeria and Tanzania) based on comparable farm household survey data. -
Book (stand-alone)Technical bookChild labour in small-scale agriculture in Viet Nam
Technical paper
2023Also available in:
No results found.The publication is a technical paper that focuses on the issue of small-scale agriculture and child labour in Viet Nam. It combines the main findings, analysis, and recommendations from two unpublished studies conducted by the FAO-Institute for Policy and Strategy for Agriculture and Rural Development (IPSARD) in 2020 and 2021. The first study was carried out in the Mekong Delta Region and concentrated on the agricultural sub-sectors of crop production, livestock, and fisheries and aquaculture in four selected provinces. The second study focused on the Northern and Central Regions, with an emphasis on fisheries and aquaculture, and citrus value chains in eight selected provinces. The primary objective of the publication is to examine the dynamics between small-scale agriculture and child labour in Viet Nam, analysing its nature, patterns, distribution, dynamics, causes, and consequences across the three regions. This technical paper aims to examine the dynamics between small-scale agriculture and child labour in Viet Nam. This is achieved by determining the nature, patterns, distribution, dynamics, causes and consequences of child labour in small-scale agriculture across these three regions in Viet Nam. It analyses the factors contributing to child labour within the context of small-scale agriculture, identify the consequences and risks associated with child labour in agriculture, and propose recommendations to address this issue.
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