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Book (stand-alone)Technical bookChild labour in small-scale agriculture in Viet Nam
Technical paper
2023Also available in:
No results found.The publication is a technical paper that focuses on the issue of small-scale agriculture and child labour in Viet Nam. It combines the main findings, analysis, and recommendations from two unpublished studies conducted by the FAO-Institute for Policy and Strategy for Agriculture and Rural Development (IPSARD) in 2020 and 2021. The first study was carried out in the Mekong Delta Region and concentrated on the agricultural sub-sectors of crop production, livestock, and fisheries and aquaculture in four selected provinces. The second study focused on the Northern and Central Regions, with an emphasis on fisheries and aquaculture, and citrus value chains in eight selected provinces. The primary objective of the publication is to examine the dynamics between small-scale agriculture and child labour in Viet Nam, analysing its nature, patterns, distribution, dynamics, causes, and consequences across the three regions. This technical paper aims to examine the dynamics between small-scale agriculture and child labour in Viet Nam. This is achieved by determining the nature, patterns, distribution, dynamics, causes and consequences of child labour in small-scale agriculture across these three regions in Viet Nam. It analyses the factors contributing to child labour within the context of small-scale agriculture, identify the consequences and risks associated with child labour in agriculture, and propose recommendations to address this issue. -
Book (stand-alone)General interest bookChild labour among pastoralist communities
An in-depth case study of Karamoja subregion in northeastern Uganda
2024Also available in:
No results found.This study provides in-depth insights about the status of children working in pastoral communities, engaging in livestock-related activities in the Karamoja subregion of Uganda: it provides key analysis in terms of the prevalence, extent and causes while highlighting policy gaps to address child labour in this specific subsector and community’s social organization. Evidence from this study reveals that children in Karamoja start engaging in unpaid work aged as young as 5 years for unpaid family work, and less than 10 years for paid tasks. The results also show that children are highly exposed to risky activities and at least two of the top five tasks performed by boys and girls are ranked as being very risky. Parents in Karamoja subregion have poor birth records which exacerbate child labour. Given the close association between child labour and education, the study also obtained information regarding school attendance. Lastly, based on these findings with surveyed households, the study identifies key policy implications and recommendations. -
Book (stand-alone)Technical bookThe relations between climate change and child labour in agriculture
Evidence on children’s work trends after climate-related events in Côte d’Ivoire, Ethiopia, Nepal and Peru
2023Also available in:
No results found.Climate change-related events undermine children’s educational attainment, exposing them to child labour, hazardous work and forced migration. This nexus is particularly relevant for agriculture and its subsectors: indeed, they absorb about 26 percent of the economic impacts of climate change-related disasters and host 70 percent of all child labour. This study aims to identify the extent to which climate change-related events and impacts affect child labour in agriculture by exploring the underlying connection between the two challenges as the initial step towards integrating a child labour lens within the international community’s work on climate change. It showcases the multi-dimensional relationship through a mixed-methods approach in four countries: Côte d'Ivoire, Ethiopia, Nepal and Peru. The qualitative and quantitative findings propose a set of policy implications that are in line with the concept that one-size-fits-all policy prescriptions are unlikely to work, as they must be tailored to different communities based on their characteristics.
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Book (series)FlagshipThe State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021
Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all
2021In recent years, several major drivers have put the world off track to ending world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. The challenges have grown with the COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. This report presents the first global assessment of food insecurity and malnutrition for 2020 and offers some indication of what hunger might look like by 2030 in a scenario further complicated by the enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also includes new estimates of the cost and affordability of healthy diets, which provide an important link between the food security and nutrition indicators and the analysis of their trends. Altogether, the report highlights the need for a deeper reflection on how to better address the global food security and nutrition situation.To understand how hunger and malnutrition have reached these critical levels, this report draws on the analyses of the past four editions, which have produced a vast, evidence-based body of knowledge of the major drivers behind the recent changes in food security and nutrition. These drivers, which are increasing in frequency and intensity, include conflicts, climate variability and extremes, and economic slowdowns and downturns – all exacerbated by the underlying causes of poverty and very high and persistent levels of inequality. In addition, millions of people around the world suffer from food insecurity and different forms of malnutrition because they cannot afford the cost of healthy diets. From a synthesized understanding of this knowledge, updates and additional analyses are generated to create a holistic view of the combined effects of these drivers, both on each other and on food systems, and how they negatively affect food security and nutrition around the world.In turn, the evidence informs an in-depth look at how to move from silo solutions to integrated food systems solutions. In this regard, the report proposes transformative pathways that specifically address the challenges posed by the major drivers, also highlighting the types of policy and investment portfolios required to transform food systems for food security, improved nutrition, and affordable healthy diets for all. The report observes that, while the pandemic has caused major setbacks, there is much to be learned from the vulnerabilities and inequalities it has laid bare. If taken to heart, these new insights and wisdom can help get the world back on track towards the goal of ending hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition in all its forms. -
BookletCorporate general interestEmissions due to agriculture
Global, regional and country trends 2000–2018
2021Also available in:
No results found.The FAOSTAT emissions database is composed of several data domains covering the categories of the IPCC Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector of the national GHG inventory. Energy use in agriculture is additionally included as relevant to emissions from agriculture as an economic production sector under the ISIC A statistical classification, though recognizing that, in terms of IPCC, they are instead part of the Energy sector of the national GHG inventory. FAO emissions estimates are available over the period 1961–2018 for agriculture production processes from crop and livestock activities. Land use emissions and removals are generally available only for the period 1990–2019. This analytical brief focuses on overall trends over the period 2000–2018. -
BookletHigh-profileFAO Strategy on Climate Change 2022–2031 2022The FAO Strategy on Climate Change 2022–2031 was endorsed by FAO Council in June 2022. This new strategy replaces the previous strategy from 2017 to better FAO's climate action with the Strategic Framework 2022-2031, and other FAO strategies that have been developed since then. The Strategy was elaborated following an inclusive process of consultation with FAO Members, FAO staff from headquarters and decentralized offices, as well as external partners. It articulates FAO's vision for agrifood systems by 2050, around three main pillars of action: at global and regional level, at country level, and at local level. The Strategy also encourages key guiding principles for action, such as science and innovation, inclusiveness, partnerships, and access to finance.