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Environmental and Social Standard (ESS 9): Cultural heritage

Framework for Environmental and Social Management guidance note











FAO. 2025. Environmental and Social Standard (ESS 9): Cultural heritage  Framework for Environmental and Social Management guidance note. Rome.



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    This guidance note supports the implementation of the Environmental and Social Standards (ESS) that sit at the heart of the Framework for Environmental and Social Management (FESM) of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The screening, assessment, management and monitoring of environmental and social risks and impacts are key tools to ensure the sound environmental and social performance of projects. These steps constitute a process of identifying, predicting, evaluating and avoiding or – where avoidance is not possible – mitigating the adverse environmental and social impacts of project activities. Identifying potential risks and impacts in advance allows for informed decision-making to avoid and reduce adverse consequences and maximize potential beneficial outcomes. With an emphasis on the engagement of stakeholders, the screening, assessment and management process improves public understanding and promotes ownership of project activities.
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    The Environmental and Social Standard 4 (ESS 4) focuses on promoting decent work in FAO-supported programmes and projects by addressing risks and impacts associated with labour conditions while advancing productive employment and applying international labour standards. It emphasizes protecting labour rights, ensuring safety and health, and promoting equal opportunities, particularly for disadvantaged groups such as women, youths, migrant workers, and persons with disabilities. ESS 4 provides guidance for integrating these principles throughout the FAO project cycle, outlining measures to prevent exploitation, address child and forced labour, support freedom of association, and uphold workplace grievance mechanisms.Grounded in international conventions like those of the International Labour Organization (ILO), ESS 4 applies to all types of employment relationships in FAO programmes, including direct, contracted, and primary supply workers. It promotes compliance with national and international labour standards, ensuring projects foster safe, equitable, and inclusive work environments. This guidance supports FAO's commitment to improving rural livelihoods by embedding decent work considerations into its agricultural development initiatives.
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    Environmental and Social Standard (ESS) 8 focuses on protecting the rights and well-being of Indigenous Peoples, who are often marginalized and vulnerable due to their cultural, social and economic status. It emphasizes the importance of free, prior and informed consent (FPIC) for any FAO projects affecting Indigenous communities. ESS 8 ensures that projects respect their rights to land, culture and livelihoods, and aims to avoid or mitigate adverse impacts on their traditional lands and resources.The standard promotes the full participation of Indigenous Peoples in development, ensuring their cultural identity and rights are preserved. It encourages the equitable distribution of benefits from FAO-supported activities, with a focus on gender equality, and supports the protection of cultural heritage. ESS 8 also stresses the importance of meaningful consultation and partnership with Indigenous communities, ensuring that their development aspirations are respected and integrated into project design and implementation.

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