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Environmental and Social Standard (ESS 8): Indigenous Peoples

Framework for Environmental and Social Management guidance note











FAO. 2025. Environmental and Social Standard (ESS 8): Indigenous Peoples  Framework for Environmental and Social Management guidance note. Rome.



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    Despite major achievements to uphold the international human rights frameworks and the reinforced legal protection of Indigenous Peoples as a historically marginalized group, their rights continue to be threatened worldwide despite being enshrined in the 1989 ILO Convention 169 and the 2007 UNDRIP. While international frameworks affirm Indigenous Peoples’ rights, their implementation and protection at the national level often fall short. This growing gap between international commitments and national implementation, driven by legal obstacles, data invisibility, lack of political will, and continued violations of collective land and territorial rights undermines Indigenous Peoples’ right to food.Indigenous Peoples’ right to food cannot be ensured without holding states and corporations accountable for the violations of Indigenous Peoples’ rights, including FPIC. It cannot be ensured without recognizing their sovereignty, identity, their special relationship with their lands, territories and natural resources, as well as the relevance of Indigenous Peoples’ food and knowledge systems as holistic systems that integrate the food triad (right to food, food security and food sovereignty).This policy brief reviews developments over the past two decades, assesses the persisting challenges for Indigenous Peoples to feed themselves with dignity, and clarifies the specific content of the right to food for Indigenous Peoples, emphasizing its collective nature and cultural dimension as key distinctive features. It calls for human rights-based policy actions to overcome persisting challenges to the realization of Indigenous Peoples’ right to adequate food. It also explores how the violations of Indigenous Peoples’ collective and individual rights, affects the realization of their right to adequate food.
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    Historically, FAO has engaged in various collaborative efforts with Indigenous Peoples and people of African descent at the global level, which have been strengthened through mutual understanding and respect. These groups are key actors in the fight against poverty and hunger, and the Organization recognizes their valuable contributions to the fulfillment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. In Latin America and the Caribbean, nearly half of the rural population is comprised of Indigenous Peoples and people of African descent. They face major challenges and there have been serious violations of their collective and individual rights, while their ancestral knowledge and practices are crucial for the sustainable development of the region. These issues have led to the formulation of the "FAO regional strategy for collaboration with Indigenous Peoples and People of African descent in Latin America and the Caribbean" the result of a long process of exchanges and consultation with their leaders and organizations at the local, national and regional levels, carried out almost entirely against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic since the beginning of 2020. The regional strategy is a useful tool to guide the collaborative actions in the region between FAO, the governments and Indigenous Peoples and people of African descent, with the aim of achieving more inclusive, efficient, resilient and sustainable agrifood systems.
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    This short publication aims to clarify and address common pitfalls and misconceptions that occur when working with Indigenous Peoples. The publication will assist FAO personnel in their work with Indigenous Peoples, preventing mistakes by delineating the way to approach Indigenous Peoples' issues.The publication presents key data and concepts on Indigenous Peoples, highlights their importance in the fight against hunger and malnutrition and presents the language that should be used when addressing Indigenous Peoples' issues.Furthermore, this publication provides an overview of Indigenous Peoples’ participation and legal status within the UN and, in particular, of the longstanding partnership between FAO and Indigenous Peoples. The principles that underpin this partnership are outlined within the document, as well as the key achievements of past years and the way forward for the future.

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    This document consists of comprehensive guidance for producing FAO publications throughout all stages of the process, from conceptualization to dissemination and beyond. It is divided into sections focusing on matters regarding the workflow, visual identity, content and structure of FAO publications. In addition to FAOSTYLE in six languages, this guidance also includes: "Publishing policy", providing high-level guidance aimed at those involved in the creation or approval of a publishing plan; "Authorship and plagiarism guidelines", outlining the principles and criteria for authorship of FAO publications; "Graphic design guidelines", focusing on the practical application of FAO's visual identity and design standards; “Responsible use of AI in publishing”, covering how to use AI responsibly and ethically when producing a publication; “Open Access policy”, a summary of the policy that encourages the wide use, reproduction and dissemination of the intellectual property that FAO produces; and "Digital publishing", guidance on how to create a digital (HTML) publication. Publishing at FAO is a living document and will continue to evolve as publishing practices evolve. A new section on managing a publishing project is forthcoming. Last updated June 2025.
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