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DocumentOther documentWood transcriptome analysis of Pinus densiflora identifies genes critical for secondary cell wall formation and NAC transcription factors involved in tracheid formation
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Although conifers have significant ecological and economic value, information on transcriptional regulation of wood formation in conifers is still limited. Here, to gain insight into secondary cell wall (SCW) biosynthesis and tracheid formation in conifers, we performed wood tissue-specific transcriptome analyses of Pinus densiflora (Korean red pine) using RNA sequencing. In addition, to obtain full-length transcriptome information, PacBio single molecule real-time (SMRT) iso-sequencing was carried out using RNAs from 28 tissues of P. densiflora. Subsequent comparative tissue-specific transcriptome analysis successfully pinpointed critical genes encoding key proteins involved in biosynthesis of the major secondary wall components (cellulose, galactoglucomannan, xylan, and lignin). Furthermore, we predicted a total of 62 NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2 and CUC2) family transcription factor members and identified seven PdeNAC genes preferentially expressed in developing xylem tissues in P. densiflora. Protoplast-based transcriptional activation analysis found that four PdeNAC genes, homologous to VND, NST and SND/ANAC075, upregulated GUS activity driven by an SCW-specific cellulose synthase promoter. Consistently, transient overexpression of the four PdeNACs induced xylem vessel cell-like SCW deposition in both tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) and Arabidopsis leaves. Taken together, our data provide a foundation for further research to unravel transcriptional regulation of wood formation in conifers, especially SCW formation and tracheid differentiation. Keywords: Research, Genetic resources ID: 3622610 -
DocumentOther documentWood transcriptome profiling identifies critical pathway genes of secondary wall biosynthesis and novel regulators for vascular cambium development in populus
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Wood, the most abundant biomass on Earth, is composed of secondary xylem differentiated from vascular cambium. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of wood formation remain largely unclear. To gain insight into wood formation, we performed a series of wood-forming tissue-specific transcriptome analyses from a hybrid poplar (Populus alba × P. glandulosa, clone BH) using RNA-seq. Together with shoot apex and leaf tissue, cambium and xylem tissues were isolated from vertical stem segments representing a gradient of secondary growth developmental stages (i.e., immature, intermediate, and mature stem). In a comparative transcriptome analysis of the ‘developing xylem’ and ‘leaf’ tissue, we could identify critical players catalyzing each biosynthetic step of secondary wall components (e.g., cellulose, xylan, and lignin). Several candidate genes involved in the initiation of vascular cambium formation were found via a co-expression network analysis using abundantly expressed genes in the ‘intermediate stem-derived cambium’ tissue. We found that transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing the PtrHAM4-1, a GRAS family transcription factor, resulted in a significant increase of vascular cambium development. This phenotype was successfully reproduced in the transgenic poplars overexpressing the PtrHAM4-1. Taken together, our results may serve as a springboard for further research to unravel the molecular mechanism of wood formation, one of the most important biological processes on this planet. Keywords: Genetic resources, Research ID: 3622616 -
DocumentOther documentEvaluation of carbon stocks of domestic wood products to improve carbon sinks in the forest sector
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Harvested Wood Products (HWP) is recognized as a carbon pool in the forest sector, along with biomass, dead wood, litter and soil. There was a debate about which country should include carbon stocks in imported or exported HWP. At the 17th Conference of the Parties in Durban (COP17) in 2011, domestic harvested wood products were accepted as accounted carbon pools and thus have to be reported by all Parties included in Annex I. Although the HWP carbon calculation method related to this has been suggested since the IPCC 2006 guidelines, it could not be calculated due to the lack of HWP statistics data in Korea.
In this study, to estimate the carbon stock and the annual stock changes for each of the HWP categories. Input data on the production of wood products used in the model to estimate carbon emissions and removals from HWP in Korea were acquired from database of the 'Wood utilization survey report' and 'Statistical yearbook of Forestry' in Korea Forest Service. In particular, statistic data on production of sawnwood, wood-based panels and paper and paperboard were obtained for the period 1989–2019. It used the first order decay function with default half-lives of 35, 25 and two years, respectively. For the conversion of wood volume or weight into carbon the default conversion factors and half-lives provided by IPCC guideline. As a result of the calculation, it was estimated that about 0.7 million tCO2 was stored according to the use of domestic wood products in 2019. It is expected that it will be possible to quantify the carbon storage effect of HWP and to activate the use of wood products. Indeed, it could change if life expectancy of HWPs improves into the future. Furthermore, additional mitigation potential may be achieved when substituting emissions-intensive materials. Keywords: Sustainable forest management, Climate change, Value chain ID: 3619351
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Book (stand-alone)Corporate general interestالطريق إلى القضاء على الجوع 1945-2030 2017يعرض هذا الكتاب مجموعة صور فريدة من نوعها توثق كيف لعبت منظمة الأغذية والزراعة دوريا رائدا في الكفاح من أجل القضاء على الجوع في شتى أرجاء المعمورة منذ 1945. ويسلط الضوء على جهود المنظمة المتواصلة لمساعدة الدول الأعضاء لتحقيق هدف "القضاء على الجوع" في عالم متغير يواجه تحديات ملحة، من الهجرة إلى تغير المناخ. ويضع تمهيد المدير العام وديباجة مدير الإتصالات بالمنظمة القارئ في نسق عمل المنظمة ويوفرا له أمثلة حية حول كيف يمكن "للقضاء على الجوع" أن يغير حياة الناس نحو الأفضل. إلى جانب ذلك، يوفر الكتاب س يرة عن السفراء الخاصين للنوايا الحسنة الذين عينتهم المنظمة مؤخرا للقضاء على الجوع. ويضطلع هؤلاء السفراء الذين ينحدرون من مجالات مختلفة بمهمة إيصال إلى مناطقهم والعالم بأسره رسالة مفادها أنه بإمكاننا أن نصبح جيل القضاء على الجوع مع حلول عام 2030 . وبالإضافة إلى الصور والعناوين الخاصة بها، جاءت بعض النصوص المرافقة لها لتصف عمل المنظمة ولحظات مهمة في تاريخها على مر العقود. وبذلك، يمكن للقارئ أن يرى تفاصيل الصورة الكاملة.
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Book (stand-alone)Technical bookGlobal Forest Resources Assessment 2020
Main report
2020FAO completed its first assessment of the world’s forest resources in 1948. At that time, its major objective was to collect information on available timber supply to satisfy post-war reconstruction demand. Since then, the Global Forest Resources Assessment (FRA) has evolved into a comprehensive evaluation of forest resources and their condition, management and uses, covering all the thematic elements of sustainable forest management. This, the latest of these assessments, examines the status of, and trends in, forest resources over the period 1990–2020, drawing on the efforts of hundreds of experts worldwide. The production of FRA 2020 also involved collaboration among many partner organizations, thereby reducing the reporting burden on countries, increasing synergies among reporting processes, and improving data consistency. The results of FRA 2020 are available in several formats, including this report and an online database containing the original inputs of countries and territories as well as desk studies and regional and global analyses prepared by FAO. I invite you to use these materials to support our common journey towards a more sustainable future with forests. -
Book (stand-alone)Technical bookFood loss analysis: causes and solutions – The Republic of Uganda. Beans, maize, and sunflower studies 2019
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No results found.This report illustrates the food loss assessment studies undertaken along the maize, sunflower and beans supply chains in Uganda in 2015-16 and 2016-17. They aimed to identify the critical loss points in the selected supply chains, the key stages at which food losses occur, why they occur, the extent and impact of food losses and the economic, social and environmental implications of the food losses. Furthermore, these studies also evaluated the feasibility of potential interventions to reduce food losses and waste.