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DocumentOther documentWood transcriptome profiling identifies critical pathway genes of secondary wall biosynthesis and novel regulators for vascular cambium development in populus
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Wood, the most abundant biomass on Earth, is composed of secondary xylem differentiated from vascular cambium. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of wood formation remain largely unclear. To gain insight into wood formation, we performed a series of wood-forming tissue-specific transcriptome analyses from a hybrid poplar (Populus alba × P. glandulosa, clone BH) using RNA-seq. Together with shoot apex and leaf tissue, cambium and xylem tissues were isolated from vertical stem segments representing a gradient of secondary growth developmental stages (i.e., immature, intermediate, and mature stem). In a comparative transcriptome analysis of the ‘developing xylem’ and ‘leaf’ tissue, we could identify critical players catalyzing each biosynthetic step of secondary wall components (e.g., cellulose, xylan, and lignin). Several candidate genes involved in the initiation of vascular cambium formation were found via a co-expression network analysis using abundantly expressed genes in the ‘intermediate stem-derived cambium’ tissue. We found that transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing the PtrHAM4-1, a GRAS family transcription factor, resulted in a significant increase of vascular cambium development. This phenotype was successfully reproduced in the transgenic poplars overexpressing the PtrHAM4-1. Taken together, our results may serve as a springboard for further research to unravel the molecular mechanism of wood formation, one of the most important biological processes on this planet. Keywords: Genetic resources, Research ID: 3622616 -
DocumentOther documentThe early growth performances of Pinus densiflora and Larix kaempferi seedlings under open-field experimental warming and precipitation manipulation
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.This study aimed to investigate the effects of climate change on the survival and growth performance of Pinus densiflora and Larix kaempferi seedlings using open-field experimental warming and precipitation manipulation. We measured the survival rate, root-collar diameter, and height, and then calculated the seedling quality index (SQI) of 2-year-old seedlings under 6 treatments [2 temperatures (TC: Control; TW: Warming) × 3 precipitation manipulations (PC: Control; PD: Decreased; PI: Increased)] and performed a two-way ANOVA to test for differences. The air temperature of the warming plots was 3°C higher than that of the control plots, while the precipitation manipulation plots received ±40% of the precipitation received by the control plots. Temperature and precipitation treatments did not significantly affect the survival rate of P. densiflora; however, the SQI of P. densiflora decreased with increasing precipitation. In contrast, the mortality rate of L. kaempferi increased with increasing temperature and decreasing precipitation. Furthermore, in L. kaempferi, TC × PI treatment resulted in the lowest SQI with a significant interaction effect observed between the two factors. In summary, low seedling production and quality should be expected in P. densiflora as precipitation increases and in L. kaempferi as temperature increases or precipitation decreases. These results indicate species-specific sensitivities to climate change of two plant species at the nursery stage. With the occurrence of global warming, the frequencies of drought and heavy rainfall events are increased, and this could affect the survival and seedling quality of tree species. Therefore, it is necessary to improve nursery techniques by establishing new adaptation strategies based on species-specific growth performance responses. 1) Keywords: Climate change ID: 3622385 -
DocumentOther documentThe genomic selection of Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora)
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.The breeding of forest tree requires a much longer and more expensive effort than the breeding of other plants. Especially, one breeding cycle for Korean red pine takes 40-50 years in conventional breeding. To reduce the period of breeding cycle of Korean red pine, genomic selection (GS), where analysis is based on the all effects of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) using molecular markers of high-density, was attempted using individual data of four half-sib populations. The genotypic and phenotypic data of an individual were obtained from 50K SNP chip and 3D LiDAR scanner, respectively. For genomic selection related to four growth traits, the predictive ability of seven genomic prediction models was evaluated within- and between-regional approach. At first, the number of markers (2K, 6K, 10K and 16K) was tested and it was found that predictive abilities of genomic prediction models showed similar patterns with 6K and more markers. In addition, the predictive abilities of genomic prediction with 6K markers and three-fold cross-validation within region were estimated as 0.07~0.38 in height, 0.06~0.29 in DBH, 0.02~0.27 in straightness, and 0.06~0.25 in volume. Most of the genomic prediction results were higher than the results of A-BLUP based on the pedigree. Subsequently, when genomic prediction between regions was performed by using five regions as training population and a region as validation population, the predictive abilities were lower than that of within-region predictions. These results indicated that it is possible to improve Korean red pine for growth trait through genomic selection within region, but more experiment will be needed for between-region prediction. This study was the first trial of genomic selection for Korean forest tree, and suggested the possibility of its application to Korean red pine breeding. Keywords: Research ID: 3619084
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Book (series)Manual / guide食品法典 ― 乳和乳制品
第二版
2012本法典第二版包含了截至2011年国际食品法典委员会采用的有关乳和乳制品的所有法典及相关文本。食品法典委员会是一个政府间机构，拥有180多个成员，处于联合国粮食及农业组织和世界卫生组织共同创建的粮农组织/世卫组织联合食品标准计划的框架之下。委员会工作的主要成果是《食品法典》，该法典汇集了国际上采用的食品标准、准则、规范以及其他建议，其宗旨是保障消费者的健康，并确保公平的食品贸易行为。 -