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Small Island Developing States Response to COVID-19

Highlighting food security, nutrition and sustainable food systems











FAO. 2020. Small Island Developing States Response to COVID-19: ​Highlighting food security, nutrition and sustainable food systems. Rome.




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    Multiple studies have shown that rampant deforestation, ecosystem degradation, and uncontrolled exploitation of wildlife can spread certain diseases to humans, which are increasingly turning into pandemics. With millions of unidentified viruses known to infect people existing in the wild, any one of them could be more disruptive and lethal than COVID-19 . Additional multiple stressors such as recurring droughts, floods and other climatic aberrations further accentuate our ability to battling pandemics, particularly threatening the lives and livelihoods of millions of poor and vulnerable communities who depend on natural resources. Sustainable national natural resource management (NRM) underpins the intrinsic connections between human health, resilient landscapes, economic stability and sustainable livelihoods. To emerge from the current crisis stronger and better, investing in measures that protect and restore nature and that promote inclusive, low emission and resilient development is critical. The pandemic recovery provides a window for the adoption of investments in sustainable NRM in the land, water, forests, and fisheries sectors that can help meet short- term economic recovery and employment as well as strengthening long-term wellbeing and resilience. But there is a risk that decision makers will ignore sustainable alternatives or, despite good intentions, design investments that are poorly targeted and create long-term fiscal burdens. This Policy Brief recommends potential avenues for investing in sustainable NRM that address such risks, and that promote self-reliance, green and inclusive recovery.
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    The Pacific Islands face a unique series of challenges, including high exposure and vulnerability to weather extremes and heavy reliance on imported food. In 2021, such challenges were exacerbated by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and its containment measures. The cross-border restrictions created significant economic challenges and affected vulnerable households' livelihoods and food security. Many Pacific Island Countries could no longer rely on tourism – the leading economic sector – to generate income. In response to global food supply chain interruptions, many countries had to shift reliance from imports to local supplies and food. Furthermore, access to international emergency support to reduce the risk of community exposure to COVID-19 was limited. Despite such challenges, in 2021, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations implemented multiple emergency projects in the subregion, reaching 11 233 households in the Cook Islands, Fiji, Tuvalu and Vanuatu. FAO helped communities to respond to and recover from the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as natural disasters including tropical cyclones Harold, Tino, Yasa and Ana. Support was also provided after the Mount Yasur volcano eruption in Vanuatu. This publication gives an overview of the emergency and resilience activities implemented in the Pacific Islands in 2021.
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    In the current context of climate change, focusing on gender equality in the Small Island Developing States (SIDS) can drive improvements in resilience, food security and nutrition. This document seeks to enrich the knowledge and evidence base on gender, food systems and resilience in the SIDS of the Caribbean, the Pacific, and the Atlantic, Indian Ocean and South China Sea (AIS) region, providing evidence from Barbados, Cabo Verde, Comoros (the), Palau, Saint Lucia, Samoa and Sao Tome and Principe. It focuses specifically on gender-related roles, gender gaps and traditional knowledge in agriculture and natural resource management to better support women’s participation in value chains and the benefits they receive from value chain development. It calls for radical transformations to build resilient livelihoods, overcome gender inequalities and help rural women and men reduce their exposure and vulnerability to climate change and natural disasters. Furthermore, the transformations called for, which focus on gender equity, will increase the resilience of rural livelihoods to unforeseen events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in view of the critical role women play in ensuring food security and nutrition.

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