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ArticleJournal articleCase study of national timber legality systems as global efforts to prevent illegal logging
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Global society has been putting efforts together to prevent forests from rampant deforestation and illegal logging worldwide since sustainability is a common goal for the Earth. At the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) called Rio+10, global efforts of timber importing countries and private sectors to restrain illegal logging were discussed in 2002. As a market instrument to eradicate illegal logging, timber legality systems in consumer countries have been implemented, starting with the United States since 2008, the European Union (EU) since 2013, Indonesia since 2016, Australia since 2017, Japan since 2018, and the Republic of Korea since 2019. In the implementation stage of the timber legality, the due diligence system plays a role in reducing the risk of illegally logged timber in a supply chain. This study investigated the due diligence system of Australian timber legality as a good practice and analyzed it according to the standard of risk management of International Standard Organization (ISO) consisting of 1) risk identification, 2) risk analysis, 3) risk assessment, 4) risk treatment, and 5) monitoring and review. As a result, the due diligence system of Australia was compatible with the risk management criteria of ISO. The timber legality in Australia was established based on relevant laws and regulations. Its system stepwise was composed of risk assessment and mitigation as well as risk identification and analysis of illegal logging possibility in accordance with origins and species. Eventually, this study clarified the structure of due diligence systems and evaluated the crucial points of these systems based on standards of ISO risk management. Results of this study will contribute to our understanding of timber legality towards sustainable development. Keywords: International Standard Organization (ISO), Timber Legality System, Due Diligence, Risk Management ID: 3623617 -
DocumentOther documentCombating Illegal Timber Trade in India
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Illegal wood logging and timber trade have become serious threats to forests, raising concerns of deforestation and climate change. Various international laws and regulations have been enacted to ensure global forest protection and sustainable use of forest products. Based on the extent of protection required for the species, CITES has published a species list to be used by foresters and officials for imposing trade regulations and restrictions. India is one of the largest importers of timber, especially tropical hardwoods. Efforts to curb illegal wood trading in India are gaining momentum that requires scientific inputs. Globally, wood anatomy, DNA barcoding, mass spectrometry, near-infrared spectroscopy, stable isotopes and radiocarbon are the main methods employed for timber testing. Wood anatomy is the most efficient and cost effective tool for wood identification. It has the potential of becoming field deployable, unlike other laboratory based methods. Wood identification can be done both microscopically and macroscopically. In India, macroscopic features are usually studied using a hand lens, but this method is not always reliable for correct identification. In most scenarios, the sample would require anatomical testing in the laboratories, which is a time-consuming and tedious process. In various countries, development of systems like Xylotron and MyWood-id has made macroscopic wood identification fast and easily accessible. These tools are effective in identifying timber species upto family or genus level. India and other countries can employ these systems and train their field personnels to identify wood on the spot. This would require improved hardwares for enhanced images and wood database softwares of major traded timbers. The paper explores the areas that can be improved to combat the illegal wood logging and trading in India Keywords: Illegal trade, Deforestation and forest degradation, Sustainable forest management, Governance, Value chain ID: 3623925 -
ArticleJournal articleA study on the establishment of crucial forest resources and cultural heritage protection systems using public big data (focusing on the use of QGIS)
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.In case of huge wildfires, the command headquarter of the relevant forest site immediately becomes a center on which all resources, such as material resources and manpower, are concentrated, giving a negative impact on effective management for fire-fighting manpower on ground. Even worse, the conditions of wildfires are naturally varied by each case while the fire spreads into vast areas in a short time, if left unchecked, so a quick decision for the fire fighting is inevitable. For this reason, the necessity of providing wildfire maps is increasingly recognized. Therefore, a wildfire map was created by mapping major forest resources, protected-trees and spatial information of cultural assets with QGIS (Quantum Geographic Information System), an open source geographic information system. Also, a verification experiment was conducted by utilizing ‘QField’ (a smartphone application) as a decision making platform in the forest disaster scene. As a result of the experiment, firstly, there was an improvement in effectiveness of the hours required to deploy firefighters (300 meters reduced, 61% improvement in terms of time), as the command headquarters could easily identify the case to be handled with the highest priority, and deploy the necessary number of firefighters promptly; secondly, immediate decision making was available at the scene of forest fire frequently changed its development by several factors, including wind; and thirdly, by utilizing big data for several elements like helicopters stations and catchments, we secured interoperability and expandability through which various kinds of forest maps could be generated. It is expected that various kinds of forest maps in this study can be widely utilized in the wildfire scenes by combining the maps with big data platforms, such as public data portals and national spatial data infrastructure. Key words: QGIS; QField, wildfire fighting; Korea Forest Service ID: 3623494
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Book (series)FlagshipThe State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021
Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all
2021In recent years, several major drivers have put the world off track to ending world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. The challenges have grown with the COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. This report presents the first global assessment of food insecurity and malnutrition for 2020 and offers some indication of what hunger might look like by 2030 in a scenario further complicated by the enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also includes new estimates of the cost and affordability of healthy diets, which provide an important link between the food security and nutrition indicators and the analysis of their trends. Altogether, the report highlights the need for a deeper reflection on how to better address the global food security and nutrition situation.To understand how hunger and malnutrition have reached these critical levels, this report draws on the analyses of the past four editions, which have produced a vast, evidence-based body of knowledge of the major drivers behind the recent changes in food security and nutrition. These drivers, which are increasing in frequency and intensity, include conflicts, climate variability and extremes, and economic slowdowns and downturns – all exacerbated by the underlying causes of poverty and very high and persistent levels of inequality. In addition, millions of people around the world suffer from food insecurity and different forms of malnutrition because they cannot afford the cost of healthy diets. From a synthesized understanding of this knowledge, updates and additional analyses are generated to create a holistic view of the combined effects of these drivers, both on each other and on food systems, and how they negatively affect food security and nutrition around the world.In turn, the evidence informs an in-depth look at how to move from silo solutions to integrated food systems solutions. In this regard, the report proposes transformative pathways that specifically address the challenges posed by the major drivers, also highlighting the types of policy and investment portfolios required to transform food systems for food security, improved nutrition, and affordable healthy diets for all. The report observes that, while the pandemic has caused major setbacks, there is much to be learned from the vulnerabilities and inequalities it has laid bare. If taken to heart, these new insights and wisdom can help get the world back on track towards the goal of ending hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition in all its forms. -
BookletCorporate general interestEmissions due to agriculture
Global, regional and country trends 2000–2018
2021Also available in:
No results found.The FAOSTAT emissions database is composed of several data domains covering the categories of the IPCC Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector of the national GHG inventory. Energy use in agriculture is additionally included as relevant to emissions from agriculture as an economic production sector under the ISIC A statistical classification, though recognizing that, in terms of IPCC, they are instead part of the Energy sector of the national GHG inventory. FAO emissions estimates are available over the period 1961–2018 for agriculture production processes from crop and livestock activities. Land use emissions and removals are generally available only for the period 1990–2019. This analytical brief focuses on overall trends over the period 2000–2018. -
BookletHigh-profileFAO Strategy on Climate Change 2022–2031 2022The FAO Strategy on Climate Change 2022–2031 was endorsed by FAO Council in June 2022. This new strategy replaces the previous strategy from 2017 to better FAO's climate action with the Strategic Framework 2022-2031, and other FAO strategies that have been developed since then. The Strategy was elaborated following an inclusive process of consultation with FAO Members, FAO staff from headquarters and decentralized offices, as well as external partners. It articulates FAO's vision for agrifood systems by 2050, around three main pillars of action: at global and regional level, at country level, and at local level. The Strategy also encourages key guiding principles for action, such as science and innovation, inclusiveness, partnerships, and access to finance.