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ArticleCase study of national timber legality systems as global efforts to prevent illegal logging
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Global society has been putting efforts together to prevent forests from rampant deforestation and illegal logging worldwide since sustainability is a common goal for the Earth. At the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) called Rio+10, global efforts of timber importing countries and private sectors to restrain illegal logging were discussed in 2002. As a market instrument to eradicate illegal logging, timber legality systems in consumer countries have been implemented, starting with the United States since 2008, the European Union (EU) since 2013, Indonesia since 2016, Australia since 2017, Japan since 2018, and the Republic of Korea since 2019. In the implementation stage of the timber legality, the due diligence system plays a role in reducing the risk of illegally logged timber in a supply chain. This study investigated the due diligence system of Australian timber legality as a good practice and analyzed it according to the standard of risk management of International Standard Organization (ISO) consisting of 1) risk identification, 2) risk analysis, 3) risk assessment, 4) risk treatment, and 5) monitoring and review. As a result, the due diligence system of Australia was compatible with the risk management criteria of ISO. The timber legality in Australia was established based on relevant laws and regulations. Its system stepwise was composed of risk assessment and mitigation as well as risk identification and analysis of illegal logging possibility in accordance with origins and species. Eventually, this study clarified the structure of due diligence systems and evaluated the crucial points of these systems based on standards of ISO risk management. Results of this study will contribute to our understanding of timber legality towards sustainable development. Keywords: International Standard Organization (ISO), Timber Legality System, Due Diligence, Risk Management ID: 3623617 -
DocumentCombating Illegal Timber Trade in India
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Illegal wood logging and timber trade have become serious threats to forests, raising concerns of deforestation and climate change. Various international laws and regulations have been enacted to ensure global forest protection and sustainable use of forest products. Based on the extent of protection required for the species, CITES has published a species list to be used by foresters and officials for imposing trade regulations and restrictions. India is one of the largest importers of timber, especially tropical hardwoods. Efforts to curb illegal wood trading in India are gaining momentum that requires scientific inputs. Globally, wood anatomy, DNA barcoding, mass spectrometry, near-infrared spectroscopy, stable isotopes and radiocarbon are the main methods employed for timber testing. Wood anatomy is the most efficient and cost effective tool for wood identification. It has the potential of becoming field deployable, unlike other laboratory based methods. Wood identification can be done both microscopically and macroscopically. In India, macroscopic features are usually studied using a hand lens, but this method is not always reliable for correct identification. In most scenarios, the sample would require anatomical testing in the laboratories, which is a time-consuming and tedious process. In various countries, development of systems like Xylotron and MyWood-id has made macroscopic wood identification fast and easily accessible. These tools are effective in identifying timber species upto family or genus level. India and other countries can employ these systems and train their field personnels to identify wood on the spot. This would require improved hardwares for enhanced images and wood database softwares of major traded timbers. The paper explores the areas that can be improved to combat the illegal wood logging and trading in India Keywords: Illegal trade, Deforestation and forest degradation, Sustainable forest management, Governance, Value chain ID: 3623925 -
DocumentTimberLex, the FAO online portal on forest-related legislation and timber legality
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Illegal logging seriously undermines efforts to improve sustainable forest management, including efforts to avoid deforestation and forest degradation. As more timber producing and consuming countries enact requirements related to legal production and trade of timber, facilitating greater and easier access to legal information on timber would greatly contribute to demonstrating legality, thus reducing the incidence of illegal logging and contributing to the achievement of sustainable forest management.
In this context, the new FAO TimberLex database has been established as an open online resource to provide access to accurate, up-to-date and user-friendly legal information on forest management, timber production and trade from more than 50 timber-trading countries across regions. Country profiles are structured around a common format consisting of a set of Guiding Legal Elements for timber legality encompassing the different stages of the timber value chain considered as critical to the legality of timber. The database aims to serve more than one audience: (i) government officers (legislators, policymakers, forestry departments and law enforcement officers) which are mandated to play a role along the timber value chain; (ii) private sector producers and traders in timber producing and consuming countries; (iii) civil society and non-governmental organizations who will benefit from enhanced knowledge and capacity around timber-related legislation.
TimberLex ensures increased access to and understanding of national legal frameworks governing forestry and timber supply chains enabling more effective law enforcement from a plurality of actors nationally and internationally. This will facilitate national and international trade in legal timber contributing to curb deforestation and forest degradation. Keywords: Illegal trade, Policies, Governance, Deforestation and forest degradation ID: 3486224
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