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Cocoa Agroforestry System of Sao Tome and Principe






The designations employed and the presentation of material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.



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    “From Machupicchu to Lake Titicaca”. Format for Proposals of Candidate Systems For The Globally-important Ingenious Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) Programme
    Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS)
    2006
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    Actual presence of traditional agricultural knowledge includes terraces, ridges fields, local irrigation systems and traditional agricultural tools, crops and livestock spread at different altitudes that goes from mesothermic areas at 2400 m. altitude called “Quechua” agroecological zone, with maize as the main crop, to the coldest environment used for the marginal cultivation of a great number of native crops and varieties including frost resistant crops as quinua, kañiwa and high altitude tubers (Table 1). Mostly native livestock is grazing the native pastures with llamas and alpacas at high altitudes over 4,300 m, in the so called “Puna” agroecological zone.
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    Qanat Irrigated Agricultural Heritage Systems). Proposal for Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) of Kashan, Isfahan Province Islamic Republic of Iran
    Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS)
    2014
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    The most important agricultural systems such as Pomegranate, Pistachio, and Saffron farming systems are irrigated by Qanat. The geographical regions around the Central Desert of Iran which is also one of the most traditional agricultural areas have been using the Qanat technology for providing water for agriculture and human consumption for thousands of years. The Qanat Irrigation technology and related knowledge system have developed in Iran as early as 800 BC and the Kashan region is the land of one of the oldest human habitat in Iran and is also one of the origins of Persian agricultural civilization irrigated by Qanat system.
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    Kuttanad Below Sea Level Farming System (The only system in India that has been practicing rice cultivation below sea level since the past 2 centuries). A Candidate System for Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) Programme, FAO, Rome
    Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS)
    2016
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    Kuanad Below Sea-level Farming System (KBSFS) is unique, as it is the only system in India that pracces rice culvaon below sea level. The major land use structure of KBSFS is flat stretches of rice fields in about 50,000 ha, of mostly reclaimed delta swamps. They exist in three landscape elements: Karapadam (upland rice fields), Kayal (wetland rice fields) and Kari (land buried with black coal like materials). The rice fields are popularly known as “Puncha Vayals”. Tradionally KBSFS favour ed only one crop of paddy followed with inland and es-tuarine fish wealth, notably the endemic prawn species, pearl spot and clams. The Puncha Vayals with coconut gardens on the bunds and crisscrossed water canals offer an amazing sight. Farmers of Kuanad developed and mastered the spectacular technique of below sea level culvaon, which has several similaries with the Dutch polder system, over 150 year ago. They made this system unique as it contributes remarkably well to the conservaon of biodiversity and ecosystem services including several livelihood services. The recognion of KBSFS as a Globally Important Agriculture Heritage System will insll pride in the farm families of this area and will lead to the conservaon of this unique below sea level rice-fish farming system. The conservaon and refinement of KBSFS is parcularly important in this era of global warming, leading to a rise in sea level. Island States like Maldives as well as countries like Bangladesh are deep ly interested in replicang the Kuanad system.

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