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“From Machupicchu to Lake Titicaca”. Format for Proposals of Candidate Systems For The Globally-important Ingenious Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) Programme

Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS)









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    Conserving the Agrobiodiversity heritage of the Koraput Region, India and Establishment of a Genetic Heritage Park. Format for Proposals of Candidate Systems for the Globally-important Ingenious Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) Programme
    Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS)
    2016
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    Koraput region of the state of Orissa in India is known for its ecological wealth coexisting with poverty, generally referred to as the paradox of economic poverty in the midst of genetic prosperity. Koraput is a tribal district; more than 70% of the total population comprises of scheduled tribes. There are as many as 52 tribal groups in this district. The socio-economic indicators in these areas are comparable to the worst in the world with the percentage of people below the poverty line rangi ng from 72% to 83%. The genetic repository of the region is of great significance in the global context. About 79 plant angiosperm species and one gymnosperm are endemic to the region. Despite the genetic richness and poverty in plenty, no significant effort has been undertaken in the region to overcome the prevailing dichotomy between resource richness and rural poverty. The system could well be designed to provide opportunity for developing efficient people centred, pro-nature, pro-poor and pr o-women oriented programmes in the region that could bring in rural prosperity and ensuring a long term biohapinness for the people and the region. The unique features of the system assumes global importance and initiatives need to be in place for local people to be a part of the conservation and, sustainable and equitable use of the bioresources which they have been bestowed with.
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    Ingenious agricultural heritage in cold oases connected to collective grazing areas (Haut Atlas, Maroc)
    Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS)
    2014
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    In the High Atlas mountains of Morocco, cold oases connected to rangelands and collective grazing areas have been created by Amazigh people despite extreme climate conditions. Throughout centuries of isolation, they have maintained their cultural heritage (agricultural, social, artisanal and linguistic). These people and their culture are today recognisd by the Moroccan Constitution as an integral part of national identity. Over many centuries, they have developed astute systems to manage natu ral resources, that are still in place today, to ensure food self sufficiency. Indeed, varieties of wheat, barley, corn, alfalfa, apricots, almonds… are exceptional, as well as varieties of aromatic and medicinal plants. There is also one bee species, and associated biodiversity (fishes (salmonids), mamals, reptiles…). The rational use of rangelands for grazing is well established; fertile areas (agdals) are controled by precise regulations dependent on rotational system (fallow time, and gra zing pressure limitation). Water management is controled by a local hydraulic and legal culture: century old conducts: khettaras, and customary right and institutions.
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    Kuttanad Below Sea Level Farming System (The only system in India that has been practicing rice cultivation below sea level since the past 2 centuries). A Candidate System for Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) Programme, FAO, Rome
    Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS)
    2016
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    Kuanad Below Sea-level Farming System (KBSFS) is unique, as it is the only system in India that pracces rice culvaon below sea level. The major land use structure of KBSFS is flat stretches of rice fields in about 50,000 ha, of mostly reclaimed delta swamps. They exist in three landscape elements: Karapadam (upland rice fields), Kayal (wetland rice fields) and Kari (land buried with black coal like materials). The rice fields are popularly known as “Puncha Vayals”. Tradionally KBSFS favour ed only one crop of paddy followed with inland and es-tuarine fish wealth, notably the endemic prawn species, pearl spot and clams. The Puncha Vayals with coconut gardens on the bunds and crisscrossed water canals offer an amazing sight. Farmers of Kuanad developed and mastered the spectacular technique of below sea level culvaon, which has several similaries with the Dutch polder system, over 150 year ago. They made this system unique as it contributes remarkably well to the conservaon of biodiversity and ecosystem services including several livelihood services. The recognion of KBSFS as a Globally Important Agriculture Heritage System will insll pride in the farm families of this area and will lead to the conservaon of this unique below sea level rice-fish farming system. The conservaon and refinement of KBSFS is parcularly important in this era of global warming, leading to a rise in sea level. Island States like Maldives as well as countries like Bangladesh are deep ly interested in replicang the Kuanad system.

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