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Sustainable nitrogen management in agrifood systems

Report brief

Year of publication 2025

Place of publication Rome, Italy ;

Pages 2 p.

Author FAO

Publisher FAO ;

Product type Brochure, flyer, fact-sheet

Synopsis (short abstract) The FAO report "Sustainable Nitrogen Management in Agrifood Systems" provides a comprehensive overview of the challenges and opportunities related to nitrogen use in agrifood systems. The report explores solutions to enhance nitrogen use efficiency in crop and animal production and elaborates on the magnitude, sources, and pathways of nitrogen flows and losses, and associated environmental impacts such as eutrophication, acidification and biodiversity loss. The report suggests sector-specific approaches to enhance nutrient use efficiency, including the adoption of circular bioeconomy practices, and policy recommendations to promote sustainable nitrogen management. This in brief version summarizes the main messages, key actions and policy options for sustainable nitrogen management in agrifood systems.

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Language English

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    Nitrogen is an essential element in the natural environment, forming critical compounds necessary for all living organisms. As it cycles through air, soil, and water, nitrogen is fundamental to ecosystem functionality. However, improper management of nitrogen in agrifood systems can degrade air, water, and soil quality, while excessive extraction from soils leads to soil degradation, biodiversity loss, and exacerbation of climate change. This FAO report provides a comprehensive overview of nitrogen's role, and the challenges associated with its use in agrifood systems. It explores solutions for improving nitrogen management in crop and livestock systems to enhance nitrogen use efficiency while reducing pollution. Additionally, it highlights the potential of circular bioeconomy approaches to optimize nitrogen management and minimize nitrogen losses. By adopting balanced nitrogen practices, agrifood systems can be transformed to ensure food security, improved nutrition, and sustainable livelihoods for farmers while minimizing negative environmental impacts.
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    Sustainable agrifood systems are crucial for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030, yet structural inequalities and recent crises underscore the urgent need for transformative change. This report focuses on the Mediterranean region, examining challenges and opportunities for agrifood systems transformation within its unique socio-economic and political context. Drawing on global and regional momentum, the report identifies barriers hindering transformation, proposes policy recommendations, and highlights opportunities for regional cooperation. It leverages insights from the UN Food Systems Summits and a typological approach to categorize countries based on their agrifood systems and economic development status.The analysis reveals diverse challenges but also positive attributes such as dietary traditions and biodiversity. While most initiatives prioritize defining goals and establishing support ecosystems, there's a need for greater policy coherence and governance mechanisms. The report identifies strategies to address these gaps, including providing policy guidance, expanding collaborative networks, enhancing data management, and unlocking sustainable finance.Ultimately, an integrated approach that harmonizes various agrifood systems, aligns with local realities, and strengthens partnerships is essential for transformative change. By leveraging existing initiatives, expanding collaboration, and addressing unique regional challenges, the report charts a united pathway towards sustainable agrifood systems in the Mediterranean, fostering prosperity and resilience.
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