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Genetic management of Indian major carps

Year of publication 2022

Place of publication Rome, Italy ;

Pages 4p.

Author FAO

Publisher FAO ;

Product type Brochure, flyer, fact-sheet

Synopsis (short abstract) Aquaculture has emerged as a prominent sector contributing to global nutritional security. It has been recording a growth rate of over 5 percent per year in recent decades. Asia contributes nearly 90 percent of global aquaculture production. Indian major carps (IMCs), cultured primarily in polyculture, are the dominant farmed species in South Asia, with 75 percent produced in India. The majority of this output comes from three species of IMCs: catla (Catla catla), rohu (Labeo rohita) and (Cirrhinus mrigala). These three species occupy mutually compatible ecological niches within water bodies and are grown together in specific ratios; this optimally harnesses pond biological resources. The IMCs are consumed domestically and are a key to national nutritional security.

Language English

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    Booklet
    Genetic management of Indian major carps
    Genetics in aquaculture: a case study
    2023
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    Collectively carps represent the largest global aquaculture sector, contributing over 20 percent of global aquaculture production. The Indian major carps including catla (Catla catla), rohu (Labeo rohita) and mrigal (Cirhinnus mrigala) are cultured widely across the Indian sub-continent with the main culture system being a multi-species polyculture in ponds, often including other carp species such as common carp (Cyprinus carpio). This production sector is supported by major seed supply systems producing over 50 billion seed per annum. This case study analyses genetic management of Indian major carps since they were first domesticated with the development of hypophysation techniques in the 1950s. A review of literature and a survey of common hatchery practices identifies significant problems prevalent in the sector brought about by a lack of application of best practices in genetic management resulting in loss of genetic diversity, inbreeding and uncontrolled hybrid introgression. These practices are likely to be impacting negatively on the productivity of the cultured farmed types and will represent a significant challenge to the sector in the long term. This case study identifies some of the root causes of poor genetic management and identifies some of the practices that could bring about an improvement in hatchery management to ensure more sustainable use of these globally important aquaculture species.
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    Book (series)
    Genetic resources of Indian major carps. 1999
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    This publication, written for resource managers, aquaculturists and scientists, reviews the genetic resources of Indian major carps: the catla (Catla catla), the rohu (Labeo rohita), the mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala), and the kalbasu (Labeo calbasu). The review includes information on spawning behaviour and breeding under natural and culture conditions, distribution, genetic characterization, status of genetic resources, conservation efforts, and hybridization among Indian major carps and with othe r cyprinids. Research on genetic improvement through selective breeding, chromosome-set manipulation and genetic engineering in India is reviewed. The status of Indian major carps in Bangladesh, Thailand, Vietnam and India work on cryopreservation and genebanking is also discussed.
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    Project
    India - Carp nutrition research at the Freshwater Aquaculture Research and Training Centre, Dhauli; establishment of a nutrition laboratory and initiation of a diet development programme for carp polyculture 1982
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    The work reported incorporates group training of counterparts and the latters' participation in all aspects of the programme. Training included: use and care of equipment; analytical methodology and techniques; fish nutrition basics; diet formulation, preparation and testing; design of experiments in fish nutrition.
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