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Global forest resources assessment update 2005, Terms and definitions







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    Mise a jour de l’évaluation des ressources forestieres mondiales a 2005, Termes et definitions (Version définitive) 2004
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    Les variations dans les définitions, aussi petites soient- elles, peuvent conduire à des résultats divergents. Les définitions constituent, par conséquent, les fondements de tout système d’informations et de connaissances. Les définitions établissent les limites conceptuelles et contextuelles autour des divers éléments d’un sous-ensemble ou d’un ensemble de données. L’efficacité d’une définition dans un contexte donné dépend de sa capacité à empêcher que le reste (sous-ensembles ou éléments) ne filtre au-delà des limites établies. La description des paramètres de ces limites constitue une définition. Au sein d’une évaluation des ressources forestières, les définitions établissent des limites autour de plusieurs ensembles ou sous-ensembles de données: l’étendue, la structure ou les caractéristiques, les réserves, les biens, les services et l’aménagement et l’utilisation des ressources forestières. En général, le contexte comprend une structure environnementale, écologique, du paysage, a dministrative, sylvicole et juridique au sein de laquelle se trouvent les forêts. Les rapports d’évaluation des ressources forestières mondiales ont toujours fourni un ensemble de définitions sur lesquelles sont fondées les informations présentées. Le développement de cet ensemble de définitions sert à produire des informations compatibles dans tous les pays et dans le temps ainsi qu’à favoriser leur harmonisation (meilleure comparabilité, compatibilité et cohérence entre les définitions) avec c elles présentées à ou par d’autres organismes et processus internationaux.
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    FRA 2000 on definitions of forest and forest change 2000
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    FAO has developed and implemented global terms and definitions of various forest parameters since its first worldwide assessment in 1947. Information presented in FRA Working Paper 1 (FAO 1998) for the current global assessment, FRA 2000, reports on this subject. This paper takes into consideration over 50 years of cumulative experience in FAO working in the field of global forest resources assessments. The terms and definitions applied in FRA 2000 are artificial constructs which help us to unde rstand and describe the world’s forest vegetation, and how it is changing through time. By necessity, the global definitions are compromises, and their application is subject to interpretation. The sheer magnitude and variability of the forest resources information produced by countries, make this so. Moreover, the wide range of forest formations, ecological conditions and forest cover types, which exist on a global scale, make global definitions necessarily broad. One of the major analytical ta sks in a global assessment is to group and classify detailed information from national classifications according to global definitions. For this exercise, there are many cases where assumptions or approximations must be made. For example, in FRA 2000, more than 650 definitions of forest were assembled from 132 developing countries (from 110 independent surveys). Reducing this information into a highly compressed and discrete set of global classes was a major challenge. At the same time, the orig inal classifications are kept in the Forestry Information System (FORIS) making it possible to make alternative interpretations of national data, should this be needed.
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    City Region Food System Situational Analysis. Colombo, Sri Lanka FAO - Food for the Cities Programme
    Working Document
    2016
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    City region food systems (CRFS) encompass the complex network of actors, processes and relationships involved in food production, processing, marketing and consumption in a given geographical region. The CRFS approach advocates for strengthened connectivity between urban centres and surrounding areas –whether peri-urban or rural– for a fair rural development and well-managed urbanisation. At the same time, it fosters the development of resilient and sustainable food systems, smallholder agricult ure, sustainable rural and urban production, employment, improved livelihoods, and food and nutrition security for all. This report describes the first phase of the city region food system (CRFS) assessment. This phase consists of a descriptive assessment and appraisal of the local context and CRFS, primarily based on the analysis of secondary data, stakeholder interviews and consultations. It provides an overview and description of the local context (including the political and institutiona l environment) and its CRFS. It includes a definition of the geographical boundaries of the CRFS, an overview of its overall structure and characteristics, an analysis of how it functions, stock of baseline information and identified gaps, and, to the extent possible, an indication of general trends and critical issues relevant to increase the sustainability and resilience of the specific CRFS. These key issues will be further examined in the next project phases: in-depth assessment and policy planning phases. The situation analysis builds on secondary data. Secondary data includes information from spatial datasets, statistics, studies, institutional, policy and legal frameworks, and information obtained from local expert knowledge through stakeholder consultations, focus-group discussions and interviews. The Colombo Municipal Council, CMC, is the oldest local authority in Sri Lanka, which celebrated its 150th anniversary this year. Historically Colombo city has been the main c ommercial city in Sri Lanka; however recently accelerated modernization efforts have changed the traditional outlook of Colombo municipality. During recent years, Colombo city was heavily invested for its infrastructure development to make the city an urban tourist attraction. Because of the recent developments, Colombo city was ranked as the number one fast growing city in the world in 2015. Align with this modernization, more and more people are attracted to Colombo city and its peri-urban are as for living and as well as for business. According to latest census statistics, there are 2,324,349 people living in Colombo district with a population density of 3438, which is the highest in the country. Remarkably, from the country’s population, one tenth reside in Colombo district. Population in CMC and the population density are 0.65 m, 15000-18000 per sq. km respectively. Further, this population has a complex diversity with respect to their age, ethnic, religious, and income level compo sitions. Therefore, Colombo city probably has one of the diverse and complex food systems in Sri Lanka, which requires vastly different types of foods to feed the large population in a small and congested city. Conversely, there is hardly any agricultural farming and food production in CMC limits, which has created multiple dependencies to food system of the city.

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