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Book (series)Agricultural transformation of middle-income Asian economies: diversification, farm size and mechanization 2015
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No results found.The agricultural sector of Asian middle-income countries is changing rapidly in line with an overall structural transformation of the economy brought on by economic growth. This paper discusses the changes in China, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand and Viet Nam related to mechanization, farm size and crop and product diversification. Mechanization appears to be proceeding quickly in many, but not all, of these countries, although there are not enough good data to indicate how rapid ly it is proceeding. There are also data and conceptual issues with regards to farm size. Despite these issues, there appears to be little evidence to suggest that farm sizes are increasing rapidly, and indeed there are strong reasons to suspect that Asian farm sizes will remain quite small for the foreseeable future. Dietary diversification might seem to dictate crop diversification, but this is only correct at the global level – at the national level, international trade can substitute for cro p diversification in achieving dietary diversification. These six countries seem cognizant of their comparative advantage, with international trade expanding rapidly for commodities such as oilseeds and vegetable oils, fruits and vegetables, and dairy products. Thus, crop diversification is taking place in geographically diverse countries such as China, but not at all in smaller countries like Malaysia. Despite the lack of crop diversification in some countries, there has generally been strong p roduct diversification into livestock and aquaculture, especially the latter. In the future, if these countries are to make sure that their farms are competitive and efficient and contribute to poverty alleviation among smallholders, it will be important for governments to provide key public goods and make difficult decisions regarding international trade and the appropriate degree of price and production support for farmers. -
Book (series)Agricultural transformation: trends in farm size, crop diversification and mechanization in Nicaragua and Peru 2022
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No results found.Structural change is a process in which the amount of labour, capital and land dedicated to agriculture (and other sectors) changes over time. In this study, we focus on the cases of Peru and Nicaragua using their two most recently administered agricultural censuses. The agricultural censuses permit us to identify dimensions and information available to study the process of structural change in Latin America over the last 20 years. The study includes a comparative analysis and policy recommendations based on the two most recent agricultural censuses administered in Nicaragua (2001 and 2011) and Peru (1994 and 2012). Processing and analysing information from these censuses contribute to identifying dimensions and information available to study the process of structural change in Latin America over the last 20 years. Evidence-based policymaking is increasingly more at the core of the United Nations and member countries’ activity. In the case of FAO, this type of study is crucial to build the knowledge body on which projects and activities are carried forward. The Hand-in-Hand (HiH) initiative is a key example in this context, as it aims at quantitatively identifying high-impact and high-agricultural potential areas in which to invest within developing countries. As Nicaragua and Peru are HiH’s target countries, this study will show very useful to learn about their recent experiences in agricultural transformations.
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