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Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing











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    Book (series)
    Technical report
    Report of and papers presented at the Expert Consultation on Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing. Sydney, Australia, 15-19 May 2000. 2001
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    This document contains the Report of, and papers presented at, the Expert Consultation on Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing which was held in Sydney, Australia, from 15 to 19 May 2000. The Consultation was organized by the Government of Australia in cooperation with FAO. Selected experts were invited to prepare papers as background documents to assist the work of the Consultation. These experts were also invited to prepare text for the preliminary draft of the international plan of act ion to combat illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing. The preliminary draft international plan of action elaborated by the experts is appended to the Report of the Consultation. This preliminary draft formed the basis for initial discussions at the Technical Consultation on Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing which was held at FAO Headquarters, Rome, from 2 to 6 October 2000.
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    Project
    Factsheet
    Combatting Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing through the Global Record Programme - GCP/GLO/595/MUL 2023
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    Addressing illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing is crucial as it undermines efforts at national, regional and global levels for effective fisheries management to achieve sustainable fisheries. Over the years, an international framework has been developed to strengthen fisheries management since the adoption of United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea in 1982. This framework is comprised of both binding agreements and voluntary instruments, and a number of provisions and requirements to specifically address IUU fishing. Within this framework, States, along with Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs), need to collaborate to fulfil their international commitments, for which the availability and exchange of information is key. The Global Record of Fishing Vessels, Refrigerated Transport Vessels and Supply Vessels (Global Record) Programmewas developed to promote data and information exchange standards and mechanisms in fisheries through an Information System, which was developed and launched under this project.

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    Food fraud occurs when a food company intentionally deceive its customer about the quality and contents of the foods they are purchasing. While food fraud is often motivated by economic profit, some forms of food fraud can also pose a direct threat to the health of customers and consumers. Detecting food fraud is a challenge because consumers alone cannot detect them, and food fraudsters are usually innovative in the ways they avoid detection. In Asia and the Pacific, the risk of food fraud is estimated to be high, due to the high demand for premium quality food combined with an increasingly globalised food supply chain. This document describes the key aspects of food fraud, and discusses a set of measures that food safety authorities can take in order to stop the long-lasting problem of food fraud. Among these, legal interventions combined with technological developments seem to be promising tools in combatting the phenomenon. The authors suggest that the adoption of a definition of food fraud at the national level could support the identification of targeted actions, and that the alignment with Codex Alimentarius food standards can be of support to national food safety authorities in addressing the problem.
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    The FAOSTAT emissions database is composed of several data domains covering the categories of the IPCC Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector of the national GHG inventory. Energy use in agriculture is additionally included as relevant to emissions from agriculture as an economic production sector under the ISIC A statistical classification, though recognizing that, in terms of IPCC, they are instead part of the Energy sector of the national GHG inventory. FAO emissions estimates are available over the period 1961–2018 for agriculture production processes from crop and livestock activities. Land use emissions and removals are generally available only for the period 1990–2019. This analytical brief focuses on overall trends over the period 2000–2018.
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    In recent years, several major drivers have put the world off track to ending world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. The challenges have grown with the COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. This report presents the first global assessment of food insecurity and malnutrition for 2020 and offers some indication of what hunger might look like by 2030 in a scenario further complicated by the enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also includes new estimates of the cost and affordability of healthy diets, which provide an important link between the food security and nutrition indicators and the analysis of their trends. Altogether, the report highlights the need for a deeper reflection on how to better address the global food security and nutrition situation.To understand how hunger and malnutrition have reached these critical levels, this report draws on the analyses of the past four editions, which have produced a vast, evidence-based body of knowledge of the major drivers behind the recent changes in food security and nutrition. These drivers, which are increasing in frequency and intensity, include conflicts, climate variability and extremes, and economic slowdowns and downturns – all exacerbated by the underlying causes of poverty and very high and persistent levels of inequality. In addition, millions of people around the world suffer from food insecurity and different forms of malnutrition because they cannot afford the cost of healthy diets. From a synthesized understanding of this knowledge, updates and additional analyses are generated to create a holistic view of the combined effects of these drivers, both on each other and on food systems, and how they negatively affect food security and nutrition around the world.In turn, the evidence informs an in-depth look at how to move from silo solutions to integrated food systems solutions. In this regard, the report proposes transformative pathways that specifically address the challenges posed by the major drivers, also highlighting the types of policy and investment portfolios required to transform food systems for food security, improved nutrition, and affordable healthy diets for all. The report observes that, while the pandemic has caused major setbacks, there is much to be learned from the vulnerabilities and inequalities it has laid bare. If taken to heart, these new insights and wisdom can help get the world back on track towards the goal of ending hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition in all its forms.