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ArticleNyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum)-based agroforestry for landscape restoration and rural livelihoods in Indonesia
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.This paper discusses how the adoption of nyamplung-based agroforestry can support landscape restoration and livelihood improvement goals through small- and medium-scale enterprises. First, we identify the amount of degraded land across different provinces in Indonesia, and target restoration sites regulated by the Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry under the country’s Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC). Second, we describe how previous and current development activities have caused landscape degradation and affected the well-being and livelihoods of people in and around these landscapes. We also discuss how nyamplung-based livelihood options through climate smart agroforestry models cultivating nyamplung with maize, rice, peanut and honey in Central Java, or nyamplung-based paludiculture in South Sumatra could be alternative options for rehabilitating various types of degraded land and recreating environmental and social resilience. Results demonstrate that a wide range of agroforestry models might be suitable in various agro-ecological and socio-economic zones on different islands in Indonesia. Finally, by identifying current constraints and revealing potential opportunities, this paper provides recommendations for landowners, policy makers and researchers about the potential of applying nyamplung-based agroforestry models in Indonesia. Keywords: Climate smart agroforestry, landscape restoration, livelihood improvement, nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum) ID: 3486729 -
ArticleRestoration of productive landscapes through management of trees on-farms in the off reserve landscape through tree registration and climate smart farming systems in Ghana
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Ghana has a total land area of 238,540 km2 and approximately 15% of the country has been set aside as forest reserves, wildlife parks, and the remaining 85% is owned by stools, skins and individuals across the country. All naturally occurring trees in off reserve landscapes are vested in the state but they occur in individual and community lands and farms. Most of Ghana’s agricultural system embraces the retention of trees during the course of cultivation with trees integrated in a mixture with crops. In the past, farmers destroyed these trees because their cocoa farms were destroyed by felling of trees for timber and they could not get compensation or any support from the state. To achieve Ghana’s Forest policy goals and objectives of the forest Plantation strategy, Ghana is piloting a programme to provide legal support for farmers, optimize the productivity and sustainability of smallholder farming systems by developing appropriate technologies that involve trees (incorporation of trees-on farm within 3.75 million hectares) and enhances connectivity and biodiversity between the agricultural and forest landscapes. A pilot programme to register all planted and naturally occurring trees at the district level has begun with recent support from Climate Investment Fund through Ghana’s Forest investment programme (GFIP) to provide options for tree tenure regimes, tree ownership and benefit sharing mechanisms for farmers to plant more trees. This paper highlights the importance of trees on farm for landscape restoration, legal framework and the procedures for tree registration, identified strengths and weaknesses and potential for climate change mitigation and adaptation as well as sustained reduction in degradation and deforestation whilst increasing productivity per hectare for farmers. Keywords: Landscape management, Deforestation and forest degradation, Climate change, Agriculture, Sustainable forest management ID: 3624089 -
ArticleFarmers’ perceptions of herbicide usage in forest landscape restoration programs in Ghana
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Although herbicides have extensively been used in forest landscape restoration its effects and opportunity costs have rarely been studied in Ghana. This study assessed the perceptions on the effects of herbicide usage among farmers enrolled in a taungya i.e. farm forestry programs in the dry semi-deciduous ecological zone of Ghana. Data was collected from 300 taungya farmers and 50 herbicide traders and analyzed descriptively and quantitatively. Results indicate that 100% of farmers perceived herbicides as having deleterious effects on flora (seedlings, under-storey wild foods, medicines) and fauna (soil micro-organisms, fish in rivers) as well as water quality, soil structure and human health. Nevertheless, 93% of them use herbicides to reduce labour costs and to establish larger acreages. Based on their functional properties, 85% of herbicides traded are non- selective for bush clearing and 15% are selective for weeding. Farmers use them indiscriminately due to poor knowledge on recommended practices and intensity of invasiveness of weed species. Education, residential status and age of respondents significantly predicted usage. The study recommends a review of Ghana’s pesticide deployment strategies and herbicides guide book for use in farm forestry. Capacity of frontline forestry professionals, traders and farmer-based organizations must be enhanced to effectively advice and monitor safe application. Plant based herbicides must be promoted for safety and enhancement of biodiversity. Keywords: Pesticides, herbicides, herbicide pollution in forest-ecosystems, herbicides in forest vegetation management, taungya system ID: 3486132
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