Related items
Showing items related by metadata.
Users also downloaded
Showing related downloaded files
-
Book (stand-alone)General interest bookLa transition vers l'appui conseil
Experience de processus multi-acteurs (le Niger, Mauritanie, le Maroc, Algérie)
2019Also available in:
No results found.Jusqu’au milieu des années 90, la vulgarisation auprès des exploitants agricoles était réalisée directement par des systèmes publics de vulgarisation, en partie financés par des bailleurs internationaux. Mais la pérennité de ces dispositifs a été remise en cause. L’assistance de la coopération internationale a alors privilégié la consolidation institutionnelle des dispositifs de vulgarisation et la recherche d’une rationalisation de leur fonctionnement. Un processus de décentralisation et de désengagement partiel des services étatiques s’est développé, entraînant l’émergence de prestataires privés de conseil agricole. Au tournant du siècle, les bailleurs ont commencé à refinancer le conseil agricole, mais souvent en associant la promotion des organisations de producteurs. L’orientation prise actuellement est celle de rapprocher l’offre de services avec la demande des entrepreneurs agricoles à travers des démarches ascendantes basées sur les besoins identifiés par les hommes et les femmes producteurs et les organisations ainsi que sur la priorisation de leurs attentes afin de mieux formuler et négocier leurs demandes. Les révisions réalisées dans de nombreux pays du monde entier ont permis de mettre en évidence les forces et les faiblesses actuelles des institutions de vulgarisation dans l’optique de lever les contraintes rencontrées et, à l’inverse, de renforcer leurs atouts pour s’impliquer dans de nouveaux dispositifs d’appui conseil. Améliorer une situation peut prendre plusieurs formes, allant du plus simple au plus complexe, et de manière rapide ou échelonnée. -
Book (series)Manual / guideValuing forest ecosystem services: a training manual for planners and project developers 2019
Also available in:
No results found.The degradation of ecosystems, including forests, and the associated loss of biodiversity, particularly due to human-induced threats and climate change, has gained increased attention from scientists and policymakers. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment presented a new conceptual framework that puts ecosystem services at the centre and links human well-being to the impacts on ecosystems of changes in natural resources. The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity initiative drew further attention to the economic benefits of conserving ecosystems and biodiversity, supporting the idea that economic instruments – if appropriately applied, developed and interpreted – can inform policy- and decision-making processes. Only a few ecosystem services, however, have explicit market value and are traded in open markets: many – especially those categorized as having “passive-use” value – remain invisible and are rarely accounted for in traditional economic systems. The failure to appropriately consider the full economic value of ecosystem services in decision making enables the continued degradation and loss of ecosystems and biodiversity. Most ecosystem services are considered public goods and tend to be overexploited by society. Many methods have been applied to the economic valuation of ecosystem services. The use of these methods, as well as the interpretation of their results, requires familiarity with the ecological, political, normative and socio-economic context and the science of economics. Recognizing, demonstrating and capturing the value of ecosystem services can play an important role in setting policy directions for ecosystem management and conservation and thus in increasing the provision of ecosystem services and their contributions to human well-being. The aim of this manual is to enhance understanding of ecosystem services and their valuation. The specific target group comprises governmental officers in planning units and field-level officers and practitioners in key government departments in Bangladesh responsible for project development, including the Ministry of Environment and Forests and its agencies. Most of the examples and case studies presented herein, therefore, are tailored to the Bangladesh context, but the general concepts, approaches and methods can be applied to a broad spectrum of situations. This manual focuses on valuing forest-related ecosystem services, including those provided by trees outside forests. It is expected to improve valuation efforts and help ensure the better use of such values in policymaking and decision making. Among other things, the manual explores the basics of financial mathematics (e.g. the time value of money; discounting; cost–benefit analysis; and profitability and risk indicators); the main methods of economic valuation; examples of the valuation of selected ecosystem services; and inputs for considering values in decision making. -
MeetingMeeting document