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ArticleJournal articleBitternut hickory (Carya cordiformis(Wangenh) K. Koch), a successful non-native tree species in the north-west of Romania
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.The most abundant and most uniformly distributed of all the hickories (Carya spp.), growing throughout the eastern United States, bitternut hickory was introduced to Europe after 1689. It was used as ornamental species especially in parks and dendrological gardens as well as forest species in some European countries (e.g. Austria, Belgium, France, Germany).
In Romania, it was planted exclusively in parks and dendrological gardens, with the exception of Sacueni Forest District. In this area, the first three individuals of bitternut hickory were planted in 1900, reaching nowadays breast diameters between 72.3 cm and 79.2 cm and heights over 25 m. Using seeds collected from these trees and seedlings produced in the local nursery, the species has expanded after 1957 and the total area of thirteen stands including bitternut hickory reaches nowadays 39.21 ha, with some interesting characteristics:
- it is found in monocultures as well as mixed stands (proportion between 10 percent and 90 percent) with different broadleaved tree species, both native (pedunculate oak Quercus robur L., small-leaved linden Tilia cordata L., sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus L.) and exotic (black walnut Juglans nigra L., northern red oak Quercus rubra L., pin oak Quercus palustris Muenchh., and black cherry Prunus serotina Ehrh.);
- bitternut hickory grew quickly in youth and reached mean diameters between 18 cm (25-30 years of age) and 32 cm (60 years) and mean heights between 16 m (25-30 years of age) and 25 m (60 years). These dimensions are similar to or even bigger than the associated species, both native and exotic;
- the species regenerates easily by seed and its seedlings have a higher shade tolerance than most of its associates, even though bitternut hickory is considered as intolerant of shade;
- it is a good self-pruner and epicormic branching is not a problem;
- it has never been affected by any damaging agent and is wind-firm, owing to its dense root system, with a pronounced taproot. Keywords: Sustainable forest management, Adaptive and integrated management ID: 3471954 -
ArticleJournal articleSelection on a drought tolerance and using its results for adaptation of pine forests to climate change
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Forest-steppe region of European Russia belongs to the zone of highly productive pine forests. Relevance of research answers sub-theme of Forestry Congress “forests’ role in addressing global environmental challenges, including climate change and biodiversity conservation”. Conclusions and practical recommendations are based on the results of 34-years monitoring and 12-years self-pollination experience at Scots pine. Main elements of pine seed reproduction systems are self-fertility, proportion of plump seeds and number of seeds per cone. These are genetically determined and environmentally dependent traits with different sensitivity to drought. Their equilibrium state ensures the stability of species seed reproduction system. Drought leads to yield decrease of pine forests, differentiation of trees by drought tolerance degree. Genotypic correction is connected with the unequal contribution of resistant and sensitive trees to the year seed production. To softening the climate change consequences for newly created pine forests, it is recommended to use seeds of drought-tolerant variety of pine ‘Ostrogozhskaya’ (patent No 9187) for reforestation. It is also necessary to draw the seed genotypic composition of optimal years closer to their natural structure of years. For this purpose, it is required to increase the proportion of seeds from drought-tolerant forms by 10-30%. This would make it possible to retain the gene pool of best local populations and increasing their stability in the next generations of forest. Institute has an assortment of drought-resistant forms of Scots pine. Pre- adapted seeds have a sufficient reserve of ecological capacity and a balanced genotypic composition to ensure the genetic diversity and stability of pine forests to climate change. Keywords: Climate change; adaptive selection; Scots pine; seed reproduction systems; drought-tolerant variety ID: 3488667 -
DocumentOther documentPropagation and growth from seeds and root segment cuttings of fruit tree-plus Diospyros mespiliformis (Ebenaceae) in Benin West Africa
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.The aim of the present experiment was to assess effectiveness of selected propagation methods, early nursery and field performance of D. mespiliformis (Ebenaceae). For instance, effects of seed pretreatment/root segment cuttings diameter, provenance and soil types on germination and growth vigor of the species was investigated using 144 seeds/root segment; laid in 500 g of three different soil types and soaked/planted in polyethylene bags replicated four times in three treatments and laid in 4×3×3 factorial Completely Randomized Design. Emergence of radicle (days), Seedlings/Shoot Height (cm), number of leaves, and Percentage survival were recorded two weekly for a period of 7 months. Time to event seed germination/shooting data analysis, ANOVA two ways and Generalized Mixed effects Model were used to assess effects of origin, pre treatment/diameter and soil types on germination, shooting and growth of Diospyros mespiliformis. Results indicated that propagation of the species can best be done through seeds and root cuttings. The essay revealed that seeds from woodland, savannah and parkland, sowed in compost and clay and pre treated (boiled water, tegument removed) had the highest germination percentage (69.9-86.67 %), while seeds in the control (no treatment, Inundated Forest and sandy) had very low germination of 17-35 %. No seed treatment showed deficiency in the survival and germination of the seeds of Diospyros mespiliformis, while borehole water aided the survival and bring back early (rapid) germination. Regarding RSC, leafy shoots formed percentage varied from 0 % in river sand to 64.6% in clay and compost substrate after 12 weeks. Results reveal also that among the three classes of diameter, shooting height decreases from clay to sandy while the same variable move in inverse order regarding RSC origin. Keywords: Adaptive and integrated management, Biodiversity conservation, Genetic resources, Research, Sustainable forest management ID: 3477094
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BookletCorporate general interestEmissions due to agriculture
Global, regional and country trends 2000–2018
2021Also available in:
No results found.The FAOSTAT emissions database is composed of several data domains covering the categories of the IPCC Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector of the national GHG inventory. Energy use in agriculture is additionally included as relevant to emissions from agriculture as an economic production sector under the ISIC A statistical classification, though recognizing that, in terms of IPCC, they are instead part of the Energy sector of the national GHG inventory. FAO emissions estimates are available over the period 1961–2018 for agriculture production processes from crop and livestock activities. Land use emissions and removals are generally available only for the period 1990–2019. This analytical brief focuses on overall trends over the period 2000–2018. -
Book (stand-alone)Technical bookThe future of food and agriculture - Trends and challenges 2017
Also available in:
No results found.What will be needed to realize the vision of a world free from hunger and malnutrition? After shedding light on the nature of the challenges that agriculture and food systems are facing now and throughout the 21st century, the study provides insights into what is at stake and what needs to be done. “Business as usual” is not an option. Major transformations in agricultural systems, rural economies, and natural resources management are necessary. The present study was undertaken for the quadrennial review of FAO’s strategic framework and for the preparation of the Organization Medium-Term plan 2018-2021. -
BookletHigh-profileFAO Strategy on Climate Change 2022–2031 2022The FAO Strategy on Climate Change 2022–2031 was endorsed by FAO Council in June 2022. This new strategy replaces the previous strategy from 2017 to better FAO's climate action with the Strategic Framework 2022-2031, and other FAO strategies that have been developed since then. The Strategy was elaborated following an inclusive process of consultation with FAO Members, FAO staff from headquarters and decentralized offices, as well as external partners. It articulates FAO's vision for agrifood systems by 2050, around three main pillars of action: at global and regional level, at country level, and at local level. The Strategy also encourages key guiding principles for action, such as science and innovation, inclusiveness, partnerships, and access to finance.