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Lessons from two decades of tilapia genetic improvement in Africa

Genetics in aquaculture: A case study








FAO. 2023. Lessons from two decades of tilapia genetic improvement in Africa – Genetics in aquaculture. A case study. Rome.



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    Lessons from two decades of tilapia genetic improvement in Africa 2022
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    This summary briefly describes the main steps for establishing a tilapia breeding programme, together with the specific lessons learnt in Egypt. African aquaculture has increased in importance since 2000 due primarily to dwindling capture fisheries and its demonstrable success in Egypt, which is the only African country among the world’s top ten producers of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The success of tilapia aquaculture in Asia can in part be attributed to the Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT) project - a breeding programme carried out by WorldFish.
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    Genetically improved farmed tilapia: the GIFT that keeps on giving 2022
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    Today, tilapia is the second most cultured fish species in the world. After 28 years of selective breeding, WorldFish’s genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT) is now producing its twenty third generation and is being used by 17 governments around the world. The GIFT strain has improved by nearly 10 percent in growth performance per generation. The selective breeding method has also been successfully applied to other tilapia species, Indian major carps and Chinese silver carp. GIFT yields were significantly higher than non-GIFT yields and GIFT species were more profitable and cost-effective than non-GIFT species. WorldFish has commenced selecting GIFT for resilience against pathogens, for improved feed conversion efficiency and better growth under low oxygen conditions, using DNA-based approaches and genomic tools.
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    The potential of farming tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) in Vanuatu 2004
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    Under the auspices of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Sub-Regional Office for the Pacific Islands (SAPA) in Samoa, a feasibility study on farming tilapia and prawns was undertaken by SPC Aquaculture Office in November 2003. The objectives were to survey the potential to develop Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) farming in Vanuatu (further details are given in the Terms of References in Appendix 2).

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