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South China Sea fisheries development and coordinating programme. Shellfisheries of Thailand: background and proposal for development, Thailand








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    South China Sea fisheries development and coordinating programme. Engineering aspects of brackish water aquaculture in the south China Sea region, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Hong Kong 1975
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    . Present state. It can be said that the engineering aspect of brackish water aquaculture industry in the region has attained a level commensurate with the present capabilities of the countries where it is now practiced. In general, as a physical unit, existing projects are hardly adequate. Aquaculture farm engineering as an art (as perhaps at this stage it is more of an art than a technology) has been a product of long development and experience by the people in the industry themselves or witho ut the contribution from organized research. It is only within very recent years that a limited amount of attention is being called to the importance of this phase of the industry. 2. Manpower and equipment. Due to the circumstances cited above the industry has not been utilizing much of labour-saving or mechanized equipment both for operation and construction. At present the industry is largely labour-intensive and depends on simple locally-devised equipment which have been developed through the years. Likewise the specialized manpower for construction and maintenance is localized and often very limited so that in many potential focal points of development this can be a major constraint. 3. Projects as engineering units. The physical make-up of brackish water aquaculture projects in the region are in general weak and inadequate as engineering structures, many of them are not geared to the production management for which they are established. For extensive type production in many d eveloping areas of the region, present projects have served for the conduct of subsistence level operation where constant maintenance is being carried out. However, to maximize production; project design, proper layout and adequate construction specifications, etc. are required.
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    South China Sea fisheries development and coordinating programme. Nutrient dynamics in eutrophic inland waters used for aquaculture, Philippines, Thailand, Hong Kong 1976
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    This paper describes the nutrient dynamics in selected inland waters used for aquaculture. It is based on field work in the Philippines, Thailand and Hong Kong during October/November 1975. Seasonal fishkills resulting in economic losses, were analysed. Based on the field work and available literature pertinent to the subject, proposals for monitoring programmes aimed at predicting fishkills in the areas visited were formulated.
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    South China Sea fisheries development and coordinating programme. The present state of mangrove ecosystems in Southeast Asia and the impact of pollution, Thailand 1980
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    This report is an overview over the present distribution of mangrove swamps in Thailand, and describes the kinds and extent of aquatic pollution. It reviews the recent studies of mangrove composition and occurrence of fauna and secondary flora in some mangrove forests and adjacent tidal flats. The mangrove areas are further characterized by physical and chemical data of the waters, tides, currents, temperature, and further by the types of land use. The findings of aquatic pollution from various industries are described, but concentrate naturally on the more industrialized areas around the Upper Gulf of Thailand and the Upper Gulf itself. The discussion on pollution effects on mangrove ecosystem considers riverine and sea-based pollution. There are, however, not many studies made although some drastic cases have shown the pollution threat and damaging potential. The report finally identifies the gaps in understanding of the mangrove ecosystem and the impact of human activities, lists pr iority research needs on national basis as well as for international - regional - cooperation.

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