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Book (stand-alone)2020年全球森林资源评估
主报告
2021粮农组织于1948年完成了对世界森林资源的首次评估。当时，其主要目标是收集有关可用木材供应的信息，以满足战后重建的需求。从那时起，全球森林资源评估（FRA）已演变成对森林资源及其状况，管理和使用的全面评估，涵盖了可持续森林管理的所有主题要素。这是这些评估中的最新评估，它借鉴了全球数百名专家的努力，研究了1990-2020年期间森林资源的状况和趋势。FRA2020的制作还涉及许多合作伙伴组织之间的合作，从而减轻了国家的报告负担，增强了报告流程之间的协同作用，并改善了数据一致性。2020年森林资源评估的结果有多种格式，包括本报告和在线数据库，其中包含国家和地区的原始投入以及案头研究以及粮农组织编写的区域和全球分析。 -
Book (stand-alone)Women’s land rights and agrarian change: Evidence from indigenous communities in Cambodia 2019
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No results found.Current changes in land tenure in Cambodia are reshaping indigenous communities agrarian and socio-economic systems. Customary laws that have determined land usage and rights, are now undergoing profound transformations. The commodification of land, influenced by processes of dispossession and alienation, is reshaping communities’ norms and customs. Land, before freely available to users, is now substantially a private asset and as such transferred from one generation to the next one like other assets. Customary laws derive their legitimacy from social systems that are context specific and change with time. This determines their ambiguous character as instruments for resistance and self-determination as well as generators of unequal social relations in rural communities. The experiences from other continents and countries have shown the contradictory and often conflicting linkage between customary land rights and women’s rights to own land. This study analysis the customary inheritance system of indigenous groups in Northern Cambodia, prevalently centred around matrilineal or bilateral kinship, where women used to inherit and own the principal family assets. The research questions focus on indigenous women’s inheritance and property rights as they apply to land, in the context of increasing land commoditization and scarcity. The aim of the enquiry is to contribute to the understanding of the gender implications of these changes, by gaining insight about women’s position vis-à-vis land property, inheritance and transfer to new generations. The changes in land tenure that have occurred in Ratanakiri province during the last decades have resulted in a substantial alienation of land and resources formerly available to indigenous people. Consequently, the area farmed under shifting cultivation has significantly decreased and been replaced by permanent commercial crops, while the increasing monetization of communities’ economy has triggered new processes of social differentiation. Little support has been given to indigenous farmers in order to manage this transition and adapt their farming system while maintaining its sustainability. The legal instruments deriving from the Land Law, which in theory should have contributed to provide formal legal protecting to indigenous land and allow communities to continue using land according to their traditional tenure system were impaired by delays and the obstacles in the practical implementation of the law. External actors, institutional as well as non-governmental, have been actively promoting agricultural practices centred on rapid gains, unsustainable exploitation of land and forest, carpet introduction of monocultures without creating the conditions for the establishment of favourable value chains and market conditions. The changes that have taken place have important implications in terms of women’s role and status within communities: not only because of the farming system transition, but also as a consequence of the increasing influence of the mainstream culture, in which gender norms are more hierarchical and constrictive then the ones in use among the indigenous peoples targeted by this study. Following the evidence presented here, strengthening indigenous women land rights may result from a multipurpose approach that embraces different areas of interventions and actors, detailed in the recommendations provided. -
Brochure, flyer, fact-sheetChallenges and opportunities of recognizing and protecting customary tenure systems in Viet Nam
Policy brief
2019Also available in:
No results found.This policy brief was developed in order to enable a meaningful engagement and policy dialogue with government institutions and other relevant stakeholders about challenges and opportunities related to recognizing customary tenure in Viet Nam. It aims at strengthening the recognition and legal protection of customary tenure systems in the country in line with the key principles of the Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests in the Context of National Food Security(VGGT) (FAO/CFS, 2012).
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