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BookletTraining materialKit de herramientas del JECFA para la evaluación de riesgos de residuos de medicamentos veterinarios
Sección 4.1. Enfoque del JECFA para evaluar la exposición alimentaria a residuos de medicamentos veterinarios: Estimación de los residuos totales para su uso en los cálculos de la exposición alimentaria.
2024A estas alturas, el lector ya habrá comprendido las funciones de los estudios de agotamiento tanto de residuos totales (RT) como de residuos indicadores (RI).Consulte el documento de orientación para:-revisar cómo se calcula la relación entre residuos indicadores y totales (RI:RT) en los tejidos comestibles en cualquier punto del tiempo después de la administración del medicamento;-saber cómo se calculan las estimaciones del RT en función de los datos de agotamiento del RI y de la RI:RT. -
BookletTraining materialKit de herramientas del JECFA para la evaluación de riesgos de residuos de medicamentos veterinarios
Sección 3.2. Residuos indicadores y la relación entre el residuo indicador y el residuo total
2024Las autoridades de reglamentación deben controlar la presencia de los residuos de medicamentos veterinarios en los alimentos. Los laboratorios de seguimiento no pueden cuantificar fácilmente los residuos “totales” de medicamentos. Para detectar los RT, el laboratorio de seguimiento debería realizar ensayos que detectaran y cuantificaran todos los componentes de los residuos (es decir, todos los metabolitos). En lugar de tratar de controlar los RT en los alimentos, las organizaciones de reglamentación controlan un RI.Consulte el documento de orientación para obtener información sobre estos aspectos:-las características de un RI adecuado con ejemplos de diferentes tipos de RI;-la relación entre los RI y los RT (RI:RT), en particular cómo varía dicha relación entre distintos tejidos comestibles y lo largo del tiempo;-otros enfoques de evaluación de los RT, como el residuo de interés (RoC), y conceptos relacionados como la biodisponibilidad y la bioaccesibilidad. -
BookletTraining materialKit de herramientas del JECFA para la evaluación de riesgos de residuos de medicamentos veterinarios
Sección 3.1. Residuos totales: cómo se caracterizan los componentes del residuo de un medicamento veterinario
2024Incluso después de determinar HBGV, todavía quedan muchas incógnitas con respecto a los residuos una vez que el medicamento se administra a la especie animal objetivo (productora de alimentos). ¿En qué tejidos comestibles se encontrarán residuos del medicamento? ¿Qué residuos específicos se encontrarán en los tejidos comestibles? ¿En qué cantidad estará presente cada residuo específico? ¿Cuánto tiempo persistirán los residuos en los tejidos comestibles después de que se administre el medicamento?Consulte el documento de orientación sobre residuos totales para obtener información sobre estos aspectos:-la aplicación de estudios radiomarcados de agotamiento de residuos de medicamentos para determinar los residuos totales en tejidos comestibles;-los resultados decisivos y las limitaciones de los estudios de agotamiento de residuos totales en comparación con los estudios tradicionales de agotamiento de residuos (no radiomarcados) y la función de cada uno en la evaluación más amplia de los residuos;-la importancia de identificar y caracterizar los componentes específicos de los residuos (metabolitos) producidos por la especie objetivo mediante estudios radiomarcados de agotamiento de residuos u otros medios;-documentos de orientación pertinentes para obtener asesoramiento técnico adicional sobre la planificación y el análisis de estudios de agotamiento de residuos totales.
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Book (series)FlagshipReview of the state of world marine fishery resources – 2025 2025
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No results found.Marine fisheries are crucial to the food security and nutrition, economy and overall well-being of coastal communities. Maintaining the long-term prosperity and sustainability of marine fisheries is therefore not only ecologically significant, but has social, economic and political importance. The aim of this report is to provide FAO Members, national and regional policymakers, academia, civil society, fishers and managers of world fishery resources with a comprehensive, objective and global review of the state of the living fishery resources of the oceans. This document updates the regular reviews of the state of the world’s marine fishery resources, based on stock assessments and complementary information up to 2023, and official catch statistics through to 2021. The introductory and methodology chapters provide the wider context in which this updated edition of the Review of the state of world marine fishery resources was prepared, highlighting evolutions in the landscape of fisheries and stock assessment capacities since the previous edition of this report in 2011. The methodology section gives a detailed overview of the updated FAO process for providing the state of stocks index, which involved a highly participatory and transparent process (including 19 regional workshops and consultations, with around 650 in-person experts representing 92 countries and 200 organizations). Importantly, the total number of stocks in the assessments included in this report has significantly increased to 2 570. Discussions on major trends and changes at the global level are explored in a dedicated global overview chapter, while more detailed information on the status of stocks for each of the FAO Major Fishing Areas is set out in dedicated regional chapters. Special sections address the global issue of tunas and tuna-like species, and other high-profile fisheries such as deep-sea fisheries in areas beyond national jurisdiction, and highly migratory sharks. Summary tables are provided for each species grouping used in this assessment, indicating the number of stocks included, their sustainability classification between overfished, maximally sustainably fished, and underfished categories, and the number of stocks classified into tiers based on the availability and quality of information and thus the assessment methods used. -
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Book (series)FlagshipThe State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021
Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all
2021In recent years, several major drivers have put the world off track to ending world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. The challenges have grown with the COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. This report presents the first global assessment of food insecurity and malnutrition for 2020 and offers some indication of what hunger might look like by 2030 in a scenario further complicated by the enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also includes new estimates of the cost and affordability of healthy diets, which provide an important link between the food security and nutrition indicators and the analysis of their trends. Altogether, the report highlights the need for a deeper reflection on how to better address the global food security and nutrition situation.To understand how hunger and malnutrition have reached these critical levels, this report draws on the analyses of the past four editions, which have produced a vast, evidence-based body of knowledge of the major drivers behind the recent changes in food security and nutrition. These drivers, which are increasing in frequency and intensity, include conflicts, climate variability and extremes, and economic slowdowns and downturns – all exacerbated by the underlying causes of poverty and very high and persistent levels of inequality. In addition, millions of people around the world suffer from food insecurity and different forms of malnutrition because they cannot afford the cost of healthy diets. From a synthesized understanding of this knowledge, updates and additional analyses are generated to create a holistic view of the combined effects of these drivers, both on each other and on food systems, and how they negatively affect food security and nutrition around the world.In turn, the evidence informs an in-depth look at how to move from silo solutions to integrated food systems solutions. In this regard, the report proposes transformative pathways that specifically address the challenges posed by the major drivers, also highlighting the types of policy and investment portfolios required to transform food systems for food security, improved nutrition, and affordable healthy diets for all. The report observes that, while the pandemic has caused major setbacks, there is much to be learned from the vulnerabilities and inequalities it has laid bare. If taken to heart, these new insights and wisdom can help get the world back on track towards the goal of ending hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition in all its forms.